Romania. Population of Romania, territory, climate, nature Romania capital head of state state language
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Romania is located in the southeast of Europe, washed by the Black Sea, bordering Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary. All of Romania, with the exception of the Black Sea coast, is included in the Danube basin.
Romania covers an area of 238,391 km² and is the largest country in Southeast Europe by territory and the 12th largest country in all of Europe.
Airports in Romania
Bucharest Baneasa - Aurel Vlaicu International Airport
Bucharest Henri Coanda International Airport
Cluj-Napoca International Airport
Timisoara Traian Vuia International Airport
Hotels in Romania 1 - 5 stars
Romania weather
The climate is continental, temperate. The coast in the spring, summer and autumn months is characterized by warm, mild weather with a long swimming season from May to October. Snow in the Carpathians lies from December to April.
Average air temperature in Bucharest t°C
Language of Romania
Official language: Romanian
Hungarian and German are widely used. In the tourism industry, French and English are often used.
Currency of Romania
International name: RON
The Romanian leu is equal to 100 bani. Banknotes in circulation are 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 lei. Coins - 1, 5, 10, 50 bani.
Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks or at specialized exchange offices (casa de schimb) located in hotels, train stations, airports, some supermarkets and on the main streets of cities. Exchange receipts should be retained until leaving the country.
Most major hotels and restaurants accept American Express, MasterCard, Dinners Club and Visa credit cards. In large banks in the capital you can cash traveler's checks (preference is given to checks in euros). It is almost impossible to pay by bank transfer in the province. The exception is coastal resorts and ski resorts. ATMs are becoming an increasingly common means of exchanging currency, but they are found only in the capital and in large resort areas.
Visa
Types of visas:
- Category B – transit visa. The visa is issued to persons whose purpose of visit is transit through the territory of Romania to third countries.
- Category C – short-term (up to 90 days) entry visa. This type of visa is issued to persons whose purpose of visit is tourism, medical treatment, visiting friends or relatives, business meetings (if their purpose is not to earn income in Romania).
- Category D – long-term multiple-entry visa (stay over 90 days). The purpose of the visit can be either business or private.
Customs restrictions
Officially, it is allowed to import currency into the country up to $50,000, but amounts over $1,000 require declaration upon entry. You are allowed to export 5,000 lei in Romanian currency, and only banknotes of 1,000 lei or less. Gifts with a total value of up to $100 can be imported duty free. You can import duty free: 4 liters. wine, 1 l. strong alcoholic drink, 200 cigarettes, 200 grams each. coffee and cocoa (for personal use).
Tourists can export from the country (with payment of customs duties) items and goods purchased with lei received through legal currency exchange and on the basis of supporting documents. Valuable goods (jewelry, works of art, video and photographic equipment, etc.) must be declared upon entering the country.
Mains voltage
Tips
Tipping is not accepted. You can leave 5-10% in a first-class restaurant or, if the cost of service is included in the bill, round the bill up. Tipping is not required in taxis.
Office hours
Banks are open on weekdays from 9 to 12 hours, currency exchange offices - from 9 to 12 hours and from 13 to 15 hours. In large resort areas, opening hours are usually extended to 16 hours.
Shops are open on weekdays from 9 to 18 hours with a lunch break from 12 to 15 hours in different stores. In large cities there are stores with 24-hour opening hours. The day off is usually Saturday and Sunday.
Photo and video shooting
Photography of military installations, bridges and ports is prohibited. In some places (mostly most palaces and some churches) you will need to pay about 2 thousand lei for permission to photograph.
Traditions
Smoking is prohibited in public transport and public places.
Safety
Petty theft, currency and credit card fraud are very common, and sometimes scammers dress in the uniform of a policeman or taxi driver. Drug use is prosecuted with particular severity - even a foreigner can be convicted of drug-related offenses for up to 7 years.
Code of the country: +40
Geographic first level domain name:.ro
Medicine
From time to time, outbreaks of anthrax are recorded in the Danube Delta, viral meningitis in the northern and eastern regions, typhus, hepatitis and rabies in rural areas. International medical insurance is required. Medical care is quite poor.
Emergency numbers
Ambulance - 961
Emergency Hospital - 962
Police - 955
Fire assistance - 981
In the southeast of Europe lies an amazing and little-known country to most Europeans - Romania.
The first human settlements on the territory of modern Romania date back to ancient times. 42 thousand years ago - it is to this period that traces of Cro-Magnons found in one of the caves in the Romanian Carpathians are attributed. Medieval Romania is known throughout the world for the cruel and merciless prince Vlad the Impaler, or Vlad Dracula, who became the prototype for the hero of Bram Stoker’s book about vampires. Today Romania is a beautiful, economically developed country with rich cultural traditions, a member of the European Union (since 2007).
The capital of Romania is the city Bucharest. In addition to the capital, the largest cities in Romania are Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Timisoara, Brasov, Craiova, Iasi, Galati.
Capital |
Bucharest |
Population |
19,042.9 thousand people |
Population density |
80 people/km² |
Romanian |
|
Religion |
Orthodoxy, small proportion of Protestants, Catholics and Muslims |
Form of government |
parliamentary republic |
Romanian leu equal to 100 bani |
|
Timezone |
UTC+2 (in summer UTC+3) |
International dialing code |
|
Internet domain zone |
|
Electricity |
Climate and weather
The rather large extent of the territory of Romania (more than 3,000 km) with a varied topography explains that the country’s territory is influenced by different types of climate: temperate (in the mountains), continental (on the flat part of the country) and maritime (on the Black Sea coast).
The main influence on the climate of Romania is exerted by the Carpathian mountain system, which stretches from north to southwest across the entire country, and the Black Sea in the southeast.
The climate in the Romanian Carpathians is classified as a moderate and mildly continental type, with cold and snowy winters, but not very frosty ( 0… -8 °С), and a little cool in summer ( +15…+20 °С). The mountains receive a large amount of precipitation every year, most of which occurs in the summer. Snow in the Carpathians can lie from November to April.
The continental climate of the Romanian plains is characterized by very cold winters (air temperatures drop to -15 °C) and hot, dry summers (up to +33 °С).
The climate on the Black Sea coast is characterized by warm, mild winters ( +4…+6 °С) and hot, sunny, dry summers ( +25…+27 °С) and belongs to the temperate marine type.
The variety of climatic conditions in Romania, which have a long comfortable period, contributes to the development of both summer and winter types of tourism in the country.
Nature
The nature of Romania is rich and varied. Two-thirds of the country is occupied by a complex chain Carpathian Mountains(Eastern and Southern Carpathians), which are famous for their crystal clear air and picturesque views. The mountains are cut through by the fast waters of the Chris and Olt rivers, which are extremely popular among rafting enthusiasts. You can often find landslide, karst and tar lakes in the mountains. Unique is Lake St. Anna, which lies in the crater of a long-extinct volcano in the Eastern Carpathians.
About 30% of all thermal and mineral underground springs in Europe are concentrated in Romania. In the area of these springs, today there are about 200 balneological resorts (Govora, Bailey-Felix, Beidi-Erkulane, Vatra Dornei, Borshech, etc.).
The Romanian Black Sea coast is characterized by predominantly sandy beaches, a gentle slope into the sea, and a fairly calm and warm sea. The white sand of Romanian beaches, in addition to being extremely beautiful and pleasant to walk on barefoot, is also considered healing.
Deserves special attention Danube river, flowing through the territory of Romania. Pouring into Black Sea The Danube forms one of the largest river deltas in Europe. The Danube Delta is characterized by the richest untouched nature. There are many fish in the water, hundreds of species of animals and birds live on the shores, and more than 5,000 species of plants grow. The preservation of this extraordinary corner of nature is of global importance, which is why the Danube Delta is considered a living natural monument and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Attractions
Bucharest can confidently be called one of the most beautiful capitals in Europe.
The city's guests will see magnificent Palace of the Patriarchate, Romanian Athenaeum, Royal Palace of Cotroceni etc.
Small Sinaia town It is famous not only for its ski resorts, but also for its beautiful architecture. In the city there is a perfectly preserved former royal residence Peles Palace, ranking 6th among the most beautiful palaces in the world. Also located here Pelisor Palace, known for its unique interiors: “Golden Room”, “Golden Bedroom”, “Chapel”.
Historical region of Romania Transylvania is rich in beautiful architectural monuments. Almost every city in Transylvania boasts unique structures:
- Sighisoara fortress;
- Biertan Church;
- Brukenthal Palace in Sibiu;
- Alba Iulia fortress;
- the house of Matthias Corvin in Cluj-Napoca;
- Rasnov fortress;
- Teutonic Church of Prejmer.
The list of attractions in Romania cannot be imagined without the legendary medieval castle Bran(Dracula's castle). The name of the famous vampire is associated with this castle, but is this really so?..
The list of attractions in Romania would not be complete without unique natural monuments:
- mud volcanoes near Buzau;
- Lake Vidraru with a dam;
- mountain lake Lakul Rosu, formed in 1837 as a result of a powerful rock collapse and heavy rainfall;
- Muerilor caves;
- Bear Caves;
- lakes with mineral water Ursu;
- volcanic lake St. Anna;
- the Polyana Narcissus reserve in Vada;
- "iron gates"
- Danube Delta.
Nutrition
Traditional Romanian dishes include all kinds of soups, meat dishes and, to a much lesser extent, fish dishes.
Soups are prepared everywhere in Romania ( chorby), the main ingredients of which are pork, vegetables, cabbage and lemon juice, herbs and sour cream. The most common soups are meatball soups ( ciorba taraneasca and ciorba de perisoare), goose giblet soup, borscht on a lamb bone, chicken cream soup. Sour cream or eggs are often added to soups.
The most popular meat dishes are parjoales(flat meat pies cooked with spices), mititei(charcoal-fried marinated meat), sarmale(pork cabbage rolls). It should be noted that all dishes are quite spicy.
Romanian national fish dishes are often grilled: scrumbii la gratar(grilled herring) and nisetru la gratar(grilled Black Sea sturgeon).
Romania is famous for its desserts: incomparable pasca(sweet cheese pie), pies cozonac, placinte cu poale in briu(rolls with cheese), etc.
Drinks include wine, beer, mulled wine and, of course, plum liqueur. tuica. The best varieties of Romanian wine are considered Murfaltar, Cotnari, Odobeste etc. Plum tincture is produced in all regions of the country; it differs in aroma, strength and sweetness. Considered the strongest Tuica de Bihor.
Accommodation
Throughout Romania, even in remote mountainous areas, tourists will find a place to stay. Large hotels and inns, roadside motels, guesthouses, hostels and campsites provide their services. The cost of living in hotels located in large cities and resorts will be about 40-50 € for a double room, and in motels and hotels remote from the city center - 30-40 €. Numerous hostels will provide their services for 10-20 €.
Entertainment and relaxation
Romania has literally everything for a wonderful holiday in all seasons:
- snowy mountains,
- mountain rapids rivers,
- endless alpine meadows,
- warm sea,
- fabulous beaches,
- richest flora and fauna,
- delicious food,
- cinema, theaters, modern nightclubs, etc.
The best ski resorts in the country include resorts Sinaia, Busteni, Poiana Brasov, Azuga. The largest balneological resorts in Romania are Baile Felix and Baile Herculane. Among the Black Sea resorts the most popular are Vama Veche, Mamaia, Costinesti, Doi Mai, Eforie Sud, Eforie Nord and etc.
A special type of ecotourism has been developed in the Danube Delta, bird watching(bird watching), because it is here on Popina Island that hundreds of thousands of migratory birds stop on their way from warmer climes home.
Numerous holidays, fairs and festivals are held in Romania every year. Of greatest interest are the music festivals in Brasov, Sibiu, Mamaia and Prislop, because Romania is famous for its musical traditions, which are influenced by the multinationality of the country, a mixture of Moldovan, Gypsy, Hungarian and other cultures. Also worth a visit:
- at the Festival of Contemporary Art in Brasov;
- at the Daffodil Festival in Vada;
- at the Cluj-Napoca International Film Festival.
The major cities and best resorts of Romania are replete with all kinds of nightclubs and casinos.
Purchases
Holidays in Romania are considered not very expensive compared to many EU countries. Prices for most services, goods and food are 50% lower than in Western Europe.
In every city, shopping can be done in huge supermarkets, markets, as well as in numerous small private shops, where the owner himself often stands behind the counter.
Among the Romanian souvenirs, the most popular among tourists are:
- handmade leather goods;
- silver jewelry;
- embroidery;
- clay and porcelain products;
- colorful warm blankets;
- wool sweaters;
- silk blouses and dresses;
- all kinds of “Dracula” souvenirs (from mugs and T-shirts to aspen stakes).
Credit cards are accepted in all major hotels, restaurants, gas stations and supermarkets, but it is always a good idea to carry cash with you.
Transport
When traveling around Romania, you can use road, rail, river and air transport.
The quality of roads in Romania has improved significantly in recent years. In mountainous areas, the quality of the surface is slightly worse than in the flat areas of the country, which is primarily due to heavy rainfall in the Carpathians, so certain sections of mountain roads are constantly being repaired. To travel on national roads you must pay a road tax - rovigneta.
Romania has a large railway network, but this type of transport is not very popular among tourists and the population due to the limited speed of travel (the average speed of trains is approximately 43 km/h). Most of the trains are outdated and have little comfort.
River transport is represented by ferries carrying passengers and goods across the Danube. There is also (as a type of ecotourism) traveling by boat or small ship on the Danube.
Those who value travel time should use air transport. There are 17 airports in Romania, including 5 international ones. Air transportation in the country is well developed. From Bucharest you can get to all the largest cities in the country. On the most popular routes, planes fly 4-5 times a day. This type of transport is very popular among local residents. The planes are in excellent condition, with polite, qualified staff.
Urban public transport is well organized in all large and medium-sized cities in Romania ( cost 1-2 lei, or 25-50 euro cents). Recently, double-decker buses have appeared in Bucharest, plying the tourist route within the city. The capital also has the only metro in the country. Taxis are metered. If they are not available, then the cost of the trip should be agreed upon in advance (most taxi drivers have basic knowledge of English).
Connection
Telephone calls abroad can be made both from specialized pay phones (work with cards that can be purchased at kiosks of printed materials), from telephone booths at post offices, and from hotel rooms, but this will be 10-20% more expensive.
Mobile communications in Romania are provided by 4 GSM operators - Connex Vodafon, Orange, Cosmte and DigiMobil - and one CDMA operator - Zapp. Today, the coverage area includes almost the entire territory of the country, with the exception of remote, hard-to-reach mountainous areas. Orange and Vodafone are the leaders in coverage area, occupying 98-99% of Romania.
Access to Internet resources is provided by more than 200 providers in Romania. Most hotels and hostels offer free Wi-Fi.
Safety
Recent studies of the criminal situation in different countries of the world have shown that Romania occupies a leading position in security among European countries. In the northern and northeastern regions, near the Ukrainian and Moldovan borders, the situation is slightly worse than in the rest of the country: there are gypsy beggars and pickpockets. Here you should be careful with your valuables - keep money, mobile phones, cameras with you.
There are no gypsies at all in resort areas; public order is monitored by city police patrols.
Business climate
Membership in the European Union led Romania to implement a series of free market reforms, which resulted in the liberalization of foreign trade, the modernization of the tax and banking systems, and the active development of the private sector.
Today, investing in the Romanian economy is considered promising and profitable.
Fixed income tax rate is 16%, and in small enterprises with no more than 10 employees and a total annual income not exceeding 100,000 € - 3%.
Cities and resorts in Romania are attracting more and more attention as business tourism destinations. Affordability and the availability of modern, well-equipped conference rooms make Romania an attractive place for business seminars, meetings, exhibitions and conferences of various levels.
Real estate
The unique nature, favorable climate and proximity to world-famous health resorts attract many who want to purchase real estate in Romania.
Here, foreigners have the same rights to purchase real estate as local residents. There are minor restrictions imposed by international treaties, as well as restrictions on the purchase of agricultural and strategic lands, national park lands, as well as real estate of historical and cultural value.
The greatest interest among foreigners is in real estate on the Black Sea coast, in the capital and at ski resorts. Here the minimum cost per 1 m2 is about 800 €.
To avoid any misunderstandings during your stay in Romania and enjoy your holiday, tourists should follow some rules of conduct in the country. The basic rule, as in many European countries, is ban on smoking in public places and transport, including railway.
Fans of photographic art should remember that in Romania, bridges and ports are considered strategic objects, so they should never be photographed.
In restaurants and cafes, it is customary to leave a tip of 10% of the cost of the check.
Chemicals, in particular bleach, are used as a disinfectant for tap water. Such water, of course, cannot be poisoned, but it is not suitable for drinking, and can also cause allergic reactions on sensitive skin when washed. But the water in mountain springs and wells in the Carpathians is not only safe and tasty, but also healthy.
Visa information
To visit Romania, citizens of Russia and other CIS member countries will need a visa that does not grant the right to enter the countries of the Schengen zone, despite the fact that Romania is a member of the European Union.
There are 3 types of visas: transit (B), short-term for a period of less than 90 days (C) and multiple long-term (D). To obtain a visa to the embassy, you must provide a passport valid for at least 3 months from the end of the trip to Romania, plus photocopies of the pages of the passport with the owner’s personal data, photographs (2 pcs.), a completed application form of the established form, medical insurance and a certificate from the place of work indicating salary and position. The consular fee is 35 € for registration within 5-10 days, 70 € for an urgent visa.
The Romanian Embassy in Moscow is located at 119285, Moscow, st. Mosfilmovskaya, 64 (tel.: (+7 495) 143-04-24; 143-04-27).
Consulates:
- St. Petersburg, Gorokhovaya st., 4 (tel.: (+7 812) 312-61-41, 335-08-44 344019,
- Rostov-on-Don, st. 7th Line, 18/39 (tel: (+7 863) 253-08-61, 230-29-15, 227-59-25). If you have a Schengen visa, you can make transit trips through the territory of Romania for 5 days without issuing a Romanian transit visa.
Most tourists who come to Romania are greatly impressed by this country. For some reason, many residents of Western Europe and the United States have a not very good opinion of Romania, but it changes in the opposite direction after they personally visit it. Indeed, one cannot remain indifferent to the beautiful Carpathian Mountains, to the unique ancient churches and castles, to the Romanian beach, thermal and ski resorts.
Geography of Romania
Romania is located at the crossroads of many European roads. In the west, Romania borders on Serbia and Hungary, in the northeast and east on Ukraine and Moldova, and in the south on Bulgaria. In the east, Romania is washed by the warm Black Sea. The total area of this country is 238,400 square kilometers, and the total length of the state border is 3,195 km.
The territory of Romania is geographically divided into three types of landscape: mountainous in the central part of the country (Carpathians), as well as hilly and flat (Pannonian and Wallachian plains). The country's highest peak is Mount Moldoveanu in the Southern Carpathians (2,5444 meters).
Several large rivers flow through Romania: the Danube, Prut, Siret, and Olt.
Capital
The capital of Romania is Bucharest, which is home to more than 1.7 million people. According to legend, a settlement on the site of modern Bucharest was built in 1368 by a shepherd named Bucur.
Official language
The official language in Romania is Romanian, which belongs to the Eastern Romance group of the Indo-European language family. In Transylvania, some cities and communes have Hungarian as their second official language.
Religion of Romania
About 87% of the Romanian population consider themselves Orthodox Christians belonging to the Greek Catholic Church. In addition, 5.2% of Romanians profess Protestantism, and another 5% profess Catholicism.
State structure
Romania, according to the 1991 Constitution, is a parliamentary republic. The president of the country is elected every 5 years.
The country's parliament is a bicameral National Assembly, consisting of the Senate (140 people) and the Chamber of Deputies (346 people).
Climate and weather in Romania
In Romania, the climate is intermediate between temperate and continental. In different regions of Romania, the climate differs quite significantly from each other. The average air temperature is +11.5C. The warmest months are July and August, when the air temperature rises to +30%, and the coldest is January (the average temperature is -6C). Winter in Romania is cold, with most snow falling in the mountains.
Sea in Romania
In the east, Romania, as we have already said, is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. The length of the Black Sea coast of Romania is 245 kilometers. The beach season lasts from May to September.
In July, the water temperature on the Black Sea coast in Romania is +16-20C, in July and August - +20-28C, and in September - about +20C.
Rivers and lakes
The Danube, the largest river in this country, flows from west to east along the border of Romania with Bulgaria. Other major Romanian rivers are the Prut, Siret, Arges, Olt, Timis, and Mures.
There are more than 3.5 thousand lakes in Romania. The largest Romanian lakes are located on the Black Sea coast (estuaries) - Razim and Sinoe. In the Carpathian Mountains and Transylvanian Alps there are several very beautiful glacial lakes - Zanoaga, Bucura, Capra, Caltun, and Podragu.
History of Romania
In 3000 B.C. Romania is inhabited by Thracian tribes of Indo-European origin.
In the 1st century BC. The Dacian state was created on the territory of Romania (as the Romans called the Thracians). By about 100 AD. The Dacian state reaches its peak. However, in 106 AD. The Romans still managed to defeat the Dacians, and Romania (Dacia) became one of the provinces of Ancient Rome.
In the 12th century, the Romanian lands were divided into three parts: the principalities of Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia.
In the 16th-17th centuries, Wallachia, Moldova and Transylvania retained their autonomy, but paid tribute to the Ottoman Empire. In the 18th century, Transylvania and part of the Romanian lands became part of the Austrian Empire.
The national state of Romania was formed in 1862, as a result of the unification of Wallachia and Moldova. Almost twenty years later, Romania becomes a Kingdom.
During the First World War, Romania fights on the side of Germany, thus planning to regain Transylvania, Bessarabia and Bukovina. In 1918, this, in fact, happened. However, in 1940, the above-mentioned territories were given to the Soviet Union.
In 1941, the dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu was established in Romania, and the country entered World War II on the side of Germany to regain Transylvania, Bessarabia and Bukovina.
After World War II, Romanian King Mihai I abdicated the throne. Soon the Romanian People's Republic was proclaimed (this happened in 1947).
At the end of 1989, as a result of the revolution, the Communist Party of Romania was deprived of its power, and its leader Nicolae Ceausescu was executed.
In 1991, the new Constitution of Romania was approved. In 2004, Romania was admitted to the NATO military bloc, and in 2007 - to the EU.
Romanian culture
Romanian culture is very rich in traditions and folklore. Romanians are very hospitable and are always ready to tell ancient legends to inquisitive travelers. The main one, of course, is the legend about the terrible Count Dracula, who, as it turns out, had a real historical prototype of Count Vlad III Dracula.
Tourists in Romania can take part in folk festivities and festivals that date back to the early Middle Ages. Folk holidays are associated primarily with religious holidays: Easter and Christmas.
However, Easter and Christmas are also celebrated in other countries. However, Ignatov Day is unique to Romania.
On Ignatov Day, December 20, a sacrificial animal is offered to the gods - a pig. It is believed that this will help protect a person, for example, from diseases. Romanians should not work on Ignatov Day. However, those Romanians who still need to work on December 20 must first take part in the sacrifice. As a last resort, you can simply inject the chicken, even a few drops of blood will protect against disease.
Ethnographers claim that the sacrifice of a pig on Ignatus Day dates back to ancient times, when human lives were sacrificed to the gods.
During the period from December 20 to January 8, Romanian women do not spin, knit or sew, because... You can reduce the days of your life.
During Ignatus Day, pumpkin has special powers. For some reason, Romanians believe that pumpkin cures a person from various skin problems.
Kitchen
Pork is most often used in Romanian cuisine, although, of course, Romanians love chicken, beef, lamb and fish. But what makes Romanian cuisine so unique? The fact is that it was greatly influenced by the Turks, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians, Bulgarians, and Russians.
In rural Romania, people still use earthenware to cook food, and this gives it a unique taste.
For tourists in Romania who want to experience traditional Romanian cuisine, we do not recommend relying on the taste of dishes prepared in restaurants. Authentic Romanian dishes are prepared only at home. If you are visiting Romanians, ask them to cook some traditional Romanian dishes, and they will not refuse you.
Tourists in Romania are definitely advised to try mititei (beef or pork sausages, grilled or pan-fried), frigărui (pork or chicken grilled on a spit, like a kebab), and şniţel (pork fillet stuffed with cheese and ham). Another traditional Romanian dish is mamaliga, a corn porridge.
Traditional alcoholic drinks in Romania are fruit vodka - tsuica and palyanica, fruit brandy.
Sights of Romania
In addition to ski and beach resorts, Romania has a lot of different attractions. In our opinion, the top ten best attractions in Romania include the following:
Cities and resorts of Romania
The largest cities in Romania are Bucharest, Timisoara, Constanta, Iasi, and Galati.
There are several good ski resorts in the Romanian mountains - Sinaia, Poiana Brasov, Busteni, Azuga, Predeal, Vatra Dornei, and Borsa.
A large number of foreign tourists come to Romania every summer to relax at the local beach resorts. The most popular of them are Navodari, Mamaia, Constanta, Eforie Nord, Eforie Sud, Costinesti, Olympus, Neptune, Aurora, Jupiter, Saturn, Venus, and Mangalia.
Romania has a lot of mineral springs, and therefore this country has several excellent balneological resorts. At the moment, there are more than 70 balneological and thermal resorts in Romania. The most popular of them are Magnalia, Slanic Moldova, Vatra Dornei, and Sovata.
Souvenirs/shopping
Office hours
State in southeastern Europe. In the north it borders with Ukraine, in the east with Moldova, in the south with Bulgaria, in the southwest with Serbia, and in the west with Hungary. In the southeast it is washed by the Black Sea.
The name of the country comes from the Latin romanus - “Roman”.
Official name: Republic of Romania
Capital: Bucharest
The area of the land: 237,500 sq. km
Total Population: 22.36 million people
Administrative division: 39 counties. The capital of the country is separated into an independent administrative-territorial unit.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: President, term of office - 4 years.
Population composition: 89.5% - Romanians, 6.6% - Hungarians, 2.5% - Gypsies, 0.3% - Germans, 0.3% - Ukrainians, 0.2% - Lipovian Russians, 0.2% - Turks , Serbs and Slovaks.
Official language: Romanian. Most people working in the tourism industry understand and speak English.
In the border areas they speak: Hungarian, Slovenian, Croatian.
Religion: 70% - Orthodoxy, 6% - Protestantism, 6% - Catholicism and Greek Orthodoxy - 3%.
Internet domain: .ro
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Country dialing code: +40
Country barcode: 594
Climate
Almost the entire territory of Romania is dominated by a temperate continental type of climate, only in the southeast of the country near the Black Sea coast is a temperate maritime type of climate. The coldest month of the year is January; during the daytime the air warms up to 2..4 degrees Celsius, and at night it cools down to -4..-6 degrees. The hottest month is July - daytime temperatures often reach 27..29 degrees Celsius, and at night it reaches about 16 degrees Celsius.
In the maritime climate in the east of the country, winters are milder and summers are not so hot. For example, in January in Constanta during the day the air temperature rises to +4..+6 degrees, at night it drops to -2 degrees, in July during the day the air warms up to +24..+26 degrees, and at night it is about 18 degrees Celsius.
During the year, up to 700 mm of precipitation falls on the plains, less than 400 mm on the coast, and in the mountains the amount reaches 1500 mm. The wettest months are May, June and July.
Geography
Romania is located in the southeastern part of Europe. The area of the country is 237.5 thousand square meters. km. Romania is bordered to the north by Ukraine, to the northeast by the Republic of Moldova, to the west by Hungary and Serbia, and to the south by Bulgaria. The southeastern part of Romania is washed by the waters of the Black Sea.
The Eastern Carpathians stretch from the north of Romania in a south-west direction in the shape of a horseshoe. The Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians) stretch from east to west through the center of Romania; the highest point in Romania, Mount Moldoveanu (2544 m), is located here. These mountain systems in the form of a semicircle divide the country into 2 parts. In the western part is Transylvania with hilly plains and the Middle Danube Lowland near the border of Romania. The eastern part is also hilly, most of it is swampy, and in the very south lies the Lower Danube Plain.
The main waterway of Romania is the Danube River. The length of the Danube in the country is 1089 km, and its total length is 2850 km. When it flows into the Black Sea, the Danube forms a vast delta. The rivers Mures, Prut, Olt and Sires are tributaries of the Danube.
Romania can be divided into 4 historical regions - Transylvania (in the north-west of the country), Wallachia (in the south between the Carpathians and the Danube), Moldova (in the east between the Eastern Carpathians and the Prut River), Bukovina (in the north of the country) and Northern Dobruja (on Black Sea coast).
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
In Romania, 3,700 plant species have been identified there, of which so far 23 have been declared natural monuments, 74 are missing, 39 are endangered, 171 are vulnerable and 1,253 are considered rare. The three main vegetation areas in Romania are the alpine zone, the forest zone and the steppe zone.
Vegetation is distributed according to the characteristics of the soil and climate, but according to altitude as: oak, jars, linden, ash (in the steppe zonal and low hills), beech, oak (between 500 and 1200 meters), spruce, spruce, pine (between 1200 and 1800 m), juniper, Mountain Pine and dwarf trees (at 1800 and 2000 meters), alpine meadows consisting of small grasses (over 2000 meters).
Animal world
The fauna of Romania consists of 33,792 species of animals, 33,085 invertebrates and 707 vertebrates. The vertebrate species consist of 191 fish, 20 amphibians, 30 reptiles, 364 birds and 102 mammal species. The fauna is especially broken by vegetation. Thus, a certain floor steppe and forest steppe have the following species: rabbit, hamster, ground squirrel, pheasant, drop, quail, carp, perch, pike, catfish, wood grass (oak and beech): hog, wolf, fox, longhorned beetle, woodpecker, and for coniferous grass: trout, lynx, deer, goats and certain alpine fauna like black and bald eagles.
In particular, the Danube Delta is a place where hundreds of bird species exist, including pelicans, swans, wild geese and flamingos, birds that are protected by law. The delta is also a seasonal stopover for migratory birds. Some rare species of birds in Dobrogeaarea are the pelican, the greedy, the small deer, the Red Fought Goose, the White Faced Goose and the Dumb Swan.
Attractions
Romania is a country with a rich past, interesting culture and charming nature. Hundreds of tribes that swept through this territory during the era of the Great Migration of Peoples passed on their culture and their original traditions to this land. There are long beaches of the Black Sea, the picturesque Carpathian Mountains, the unique Danube Delta, and many historical places that attract thousands of tourists to the country.
Banks and currency
1 lei is equal to 100 bani. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 lei and coins in 1, 5, 10 and 50 bani.
Banks are open from Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 15:00, with a lunch break from 12 to 13:00.
You can exchange foreign currency in banks, but it is best to do this at exchange offices, the rate there is more favorable. Exchange offices can be found on city streets, in large supermarkets, train stations and airports. It is recommended that you keep your exchange receipts because if you are exchanging local currency back for foreign currency, you may need proof of a legitimate exchange before leaving the country. The easiest way to exchange US dollars in Romania. Credit cards and traveler's checks are accepted only at high-end restaurants and upscale hotels. Travel checks are best purchased in euros.
Useful information for tourists
The climatic and balneo-mud resorts of Romania are widely known - Mangalia, Constanta, Eforia, etc. on the Black Sea, as well as Sinaya, Poiana Brangov, etc. in Transylvania. Traditional purchases include plum tincture, embroidered blouses and handicrafts, unique Romanian drugs that slow down the aging process, and cosmetics.
In a restaurant, even if the cost of service is included in the order amount, the bill is slightly rounded up.