The tallest skyscraper in Europe. The tallest skyscraper in Europe What is the tallest building in Europe
This article contains an incomplete translation from a foreign language. You can help the project by translating it to completion. If you know what language the fragment is written in, please include it in this template. Here is a list of the tallest structures... Wikipedia
List of tallest buildings in Europe ... Wikipedia
The list of the tallest buildings in Russia includes buildings with a height of 130 meters or more. For residential buildings whose height is unknown, but the number of storeys is known, the total height is calculated using the formula recommended by experts from the Council on Tall Buildings and ... ... Wikipedia
Lists in descending order the tallest Christian places of worship, in particular their domes or bell towers. Contents 1 List 2 Interesting facts 3 See also... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Sail (meanings). Coordinates: 53°54′24″ N. w. 27°31′57″ E d. / 53.906667° n. w. 27.5325° E. d... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see New York (meanings). City of New York English New York City ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Riga (meanings). City of Riga Rīga ... Wikipedia
- (tracing paper from English skyscraper) a very tall building. A skyscraper is a free-standing structure designed for people to live and work. In Russian the term “high-rise building” or simply “high-rise” is also used... Wikipedia
The Shard London Bridge skyscraper, 310 meters high and weighing more than 500 tons, was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano. The building has the shape of an elongated pyramid, somewhat reminiscent of , which, by the way, fully corresponds to the name (shard - “shard”). Thanks to several upward-facing acute-angled edges that converge but do not touch at the highest point, the structure gives the impression that there is a cavity inside it.
During the construction of the skyscraper, 800 steel parts were used, and the walls consist of 11 thousand sparkling glass panels. On 95 floors there will be luxurious residential premises, gardens, a five-star Shangri La hotel with 195 rooms, several restaurants and observation decks (68-72 floors). According to preliminary data, the cost of apartments in this building will start from 36 million euros, and the price per square meter will be more than 6,000 euros.
The main investor in the construction of the tallest skyscraper was the Arab state of Qatar, whose National Bank invested 80 percent of the total cost in the construction of the building, and the remaining funds belonged to the London construction company Irive Sellar Property Group. In total, the construction of the skyscraper cost 2.35 billion dollars.
Today, Shard London Bridge ranks first among the tallest skyscrapers in Europe and 59th in the world ranking of high-rise buildings. However, this skyscraper will not occupy its leading position for long. The 320-meter Hermitage Plaza tower is already being built in Paris, the construction of which should be completed by 2016. And in Moscow, two tall objects are being built at once - the Mercury City Tower with a height of 327 meters and the Federation Tower, the height of which, together with the spire, will reach 590 meters.
Sources:
- The tallest building in Europe is located in
Tip 2: What will be in the tallest skyscraper in London
In London on July 5, on the eve of the 2012 Olympics, the grand opening of The Shard, the tallest building in the European Union, took place. The 310-meter-high skyscraper was built on the south bank of the Thames near Tower Bridge.
The 97-story skyscraper, designed by the Italian Renzo Piano in 2000, according to the architect's idea, should reflect the spirit of a dynamically developing and constantly changing city.
The London skyscraper is a pyramidal tower made of steel and glass. It’s not for nothing that his “The Shard” is translated as “Fragments” - the light is refracted on the glass of the building and creates the feeling of crystal being broken into pieces. The structure of the high-rise uses more than 800 steel parts weighing more than 500 tons.
At the time of opening, finishing work inside the building had not yet been completed. The skyscraper is planned to be commissioned only in 2013. Inside The Shard, premises are being prepared for offices, beauty salons, boutiques, grocery stores, restaurants and cafes, a 5-star hotel with 200 rooms from economy to luxury. At the same time, in accordance with the agreement with investors from Asia, who financed 95%, the offices of the building will not house companies involved in the production or trading of alcoholic beverages, as well as companies related to the gambling business.
In addition to the shopping and entertainment center, the skyscraper will also house exclusive apartments - luxury housing worth $50-80 million each apartment. The layout of premises, their furniture and decoration are carried out according to individual projects.
An observatory will soon open in the London glass tower, and the highest observation deck in England will open on the 69th floor in February 2013. The entrance ticket price has already been announced - £25. It will be possible to get into the skyscraper any day, while it is almost impossible for tourists to get into many high-rise buildings in London.
To date, not all premises of the high-rise are ready. It will take another six months to complete the finishing and repairs.
Video on the topic
The building of the Lakhta Center business complex on the shores of the Gulf of Finland in St. Petersburg is now the tallest in Europe. The installation of the spire in the new Gazprom office center has been completed, and the tower has reached its designed height of 462 meters. Before this, the tallest European skyscraper was the Federation Tower in the Moscow City area, its height is 374 meters.
Lakhta Center is a unique architectural project that uses cutting-edge engineering solutions and the latest building materials. Soon it will become not only the main point of business activity in the city on the Neva, but also its decoration.
The Lakhta Center spire is prepared for flight like a rocket: laying the last wires, checking sensors and aircraft lights. It is sent into the sky using a crane. Without the use of helicopters, the structure soars into the sky.
At an altitude of almost half a kilometer, gusts of wind would knock you off your feet. Only two installers at the top, tightly secured. Frost, frozen spire. Precision surgery is almost like docking spaceships. And it only takes a few minutes for the Lakhta Center tower to reach its designed height.
462 meters is a sky-high height. The tallest skyscraper in Europe and the northernmost in the world is the pride and joy of the entire international team of builders. Unique speeds, unique materials, and technologies. It would seem that such heights are contraindicated for St. Petersburg, built on a swamp, but it was only necessary to dig deeper.
“We have 264 piles next to the bay. But we checked them all - all the wells were dry,” said Sergei Nikiforov, chief engineer of the Lakhta Center public and business complex.
This is also a world record. Two and a half hundred piles with a diameter of two meters go into the unstable St. Petersburg soil to the depth of a 30-story building. The bottom foundation slab was poured in 49 hours. And this giant anthill - 18 thousand people work here in two shifts a day - grew at a colossal speed. By level - every week. Very complex geometry - not a single floor is repeated.
“We have the most complex facade - not a single element is repeated. This is an individual work, the tower expands, then narrows, then twists into a corkscrew,” noted Elena Ilyukhina, director of Lakhta Center.
This twisting is possible thanks to an amazing design. The columns inside the building are absolute know-how. Composite materials, to create this engineering miracle, new standards in construction were developed.
“In appearance, this is an ordinary column, but it is inclined in two planes - towards the bend and towards the core of the building. And inside there is a metal core. It is reinforced,” explained Sergei Smirnov, head of the production and technical department.
The core of the building - like a spine - holds all 87 floors. There will be vertical communications inside. There will also be high-speed elevators, some of them double-decker. A concrete ring two meters thick rises to the very top. Now even half a kilometer long tower cranes cling to it.
The facade of the building is a special pride. This is when glass is able to “think”. There are so many sensors! The external walls themselves will “make the decision” to lower or raise the blinds, turn on the heating or air conditioning. The facade is glued together from double-glazed windows, each of which also has its own individual shape and makes the tower light and airy.
And the views will be available not only to Gazprom employees. It will house a science center for children, a state-of-the-art concert hall, a planetarium, and a fitness center. St. Petersburg residents and guests of the northern capital will be able to take a bird's eye view not of the city, but, it seems, of the whole region.
Peter the Great built the sea capital of Russia with the architectural dominants of the Admiralty and the Peter and Paul Fortress. But the city began to acquire a sea façade only now. And “Lakhta Center” is a dominant figure not only in St. Petersburg, not only in Russia, but throughout Europe.
St. Petersburg "Lakhta Center" - reached the estimated height: 462 meters. Even before completion of construction, it became the tallest skyscraper in Europe, overtaking the current record holder, the Moscow Federation-East Tower (374 m). The installation of the building's spire was completed this week.
The frame of the high-rise building took 6 years to build, and the large construction project is planned to be fully completed this year.
Lakhta Center is a unique project. For example, being the northernmost skyscraper in the world, it is equipped with a specially developed “smart façade” system. Window shading elements - a kind of curtains - will automatically rise or fall depending on how bright the sun is.
On the top floor of the Lakhta Center, at 357 meters, there will be a publicly accessible observation deck - closed with panoramic glazing. This is the highest observation deck in Russia and Europe. This is higher than the Shard Observation Deck in London and the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur.
Viewing angle – 360 degrees. Special high-speed elevators will lift visitors to heights. Such a site will be a prominent point on the tourist routes of St. Petersburg.
Skeptics said that in St. Petersburg, in fact, in swamps, such buildings cannot be built - the soil is too unstable. But it turned out that this is a very superficial judgment.
It turns out that only the top layer of soil in the Northern Capital is unreliable: 20-25 meters, then the so-called Vendian clays begin - these are very dense rocks formed in the late Proterozoic - that is, hundreds of millions of years ago. It is on them that Lakhta Center relies.
The stability of the colossal building is given by 264 piles with a diameter of 2 meters, placed at a depth of more than 80 meters. Moreover, if the position of any of them suddenly changes for some reason, special sensors installed in the bases and frames of the piles will let you know.
One of the main enemies of modern skyscrapers is the wind. Of course, he cannot bring down a high-rise building, but he can rock it quite well. It is estimated that the world’s tallest skyscraper, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, can deviate from the vertical by one and a half meters, and the Ostankino Tower by as much as 12 meters.
As for the Lakhta Center, the builders, having tested a scale model in a wind tunnel, found out: in real conditions, the maximum deviation from the vertical at the level of the spire will not exceed half a meter, and at the level of the observation tower it will be only 27 cm - people generally have such fluctuations They don’t feel it.
Stability was achieved thanks to the design features: 5 so-called outriggers are installed on the building frame - powerful horizontal structures that act as stiffening rings holding the structure in a vertical position.
The Federation Tower, 374 m high, part of the business center on Presnenskaya Embankment, has been the tallest building in Europe since 2014. It is curious that until 1990, for 37 years, this proud title belonged to the main building of Moscow University (236 m).
Symbol of new Moscow
In 1996, construction began on the ultra-modern Moscow City complex, which includes skyscrapers, office centers and a megamall. In 2003, the foundation was laid for a building designed to become the tallest not only in Russia, but also in Europe.
Interestingly, the Russian-German architect Sergei Choban developed the first sketch of the Federation Tower project during a long flight. According to his plan, the building was supposed to resemble two sails with a mast and rise 506 meters into the sky.
However, a fire that occurred during construction in April 2012 forced the construction of the “mast” to be abandoned, as a result of which the structure was “shortened” by 132 meters.
Federation Tower consists of skyscrapers “West” with a height of 242 m and “East” - 374 m. 14 thousand m3 of concrete were spent on pouring their foundation, which was included in the Guinness Book of Records. The structure of the buildings includes 25 perimeter independent columns and a concrete core.
Additional stability is provided by outrigger floors that distribute the load from the upper tiers to the lower ones. Thus, the tallest building in Europe is also the strongest.
Inhabitants of the sky
In addition to office space, the Federation also has apartments ranging from 55 to 2,300 sq. m. m. And although the average price per square meter exceeds 680 thousand rubles, more than 85% of the apartments have already been sold. Residents are offered all the delights of a comfortable life: a fitness center, a swimming pool, a spa, a restaurant and, of course, the best panoramic view from the windows in Moscow.
All apartments are located on the upper floors of the skyscraper. Anticipating the question of residents of high-rise buildings, who, due to malfunctioning elevators, have repeatedly walked to the 9/15/20th floor, we inform you: the Federation Tower provides for all possible problems.
The construction of the lifting devices was carried out using the Twin system, which provides two cabins in one shaft, which reduces waiting time to almost nothing.
The operation of high-speed elevators is monitored by dispatchers around the clock, and in case of a sudden power outage, the skyscraper has its own generator, which is enough to provide energy to a small city.
However, the Federation Tower did not have long to rest on its laurels. Soon the first place in the ranking of the tallest buildings in Europe will be taken by the skyscraper of the St. Petersburg Lakhta Center (462 m). Completion of construction of the giant is planned for 2018.