Previously Persia and now. Where is Persia now, what country is it, the territory of Persia. Ancient Persia, video
From the middle of the sixth century BC, the Persians appeared on the stage of world history. Until this time, residents of the Middle East had heard very little about this mysterious tribe. They became known only after they began to seize lands.
Cyrus the Second, king of the Persians from the Achaemenid dynasty, was able to quickly capture Media and other states. His well-armed army began preparations to march against Babylon.
At this time, Babylon and Egypt were at enmity with each other, but when a strong enemy appeared, they decided to forget about the conflict. Babylon's preparation for war did not save it from defeat. The Persians captured the cities of Opis and Sippar, and then took control of Babylon without a fight. Cyrus the Second decided to further advance to the East. In a war with nomadic tribes, he died in 530 BC.
The successors of the deceased king, Cambyses the Second and Darius the First, managed to capture Egypt. Darius was able not only to strengthen the eastern and western borders of the power, but also to expand them from the Aegean Sea to India, as well as from the lands of Central Asia to the banks of the Nile. Persia absorbed the famous world civilizations of the ancient world and controlled them until the fourth century BC. Alexander the Great was able to conquer the empire.
Second Persian Empire
The Macedonian soldiers took revenge on the Persians for the destruction of Athens by burning Persepolis to ashes. At this point, the Achaemenid dynasty ceased to exist. Ancient Persia fell under the humiliating rule of the Greeks.
It was only in the second century BC that the Greeks were expelled. The Parthians did this. But they were not allowed to rule for long; Artaxerxes overthrew them. The history of the second Persian power began with him. In another way, it is usually called the power of the Sassanid dynasty. Under their rule, the Achaemenid Empire is revived, albeit in a different form. Greek culture is being replaced by Iranian culture.
In the seventh century, Persia lost its power and was incorporated into the Arab Caliphate.
Life in Ancient Persia through the eyes of other peoples
The life of the Persians is known from works that have survived to this day. These are mainly the works of the Greeks. It is known that Persia (what the country is now can be found out below) very quickly conquered the territories of ancient civilizations. What were the Persians like?
They were tall and physically strong. Life in the mountains and steppes made them hardened and resilient. They were famous for their courage and unity. In everyday life, the Persians ate moderately, did not drink wine, and were indifferent to precious metals. They wore clothes made from animal skins and covered their heads with felt caps (tiaras).
During the coronation, the ruler had to put on the clothes that he wore before becoming king. He was also supposed to eat dried figs and drink sour milk.
The Persians had the right to live with several wives, not counting concubines. Closely related ties were acceptable, for example, between an uncle and a niece. Women were not supposed to show themselves to strangers. This applied to both wives and concubines. Proof of this is the surviving reliefs of Persepolis, which do not contain images of the fair sex.
Persian achievements:
- good roads;
- minting your own coins;
- creation of gardens (paradises);
- The cylinder of Cyrus the Great is a prototype of the first charter of human rights.
Previously Persia, but now?
It is not always possible to say exactly which state is located on the site of an ancient civilization. The world map has changed hundreds of times. Changes are happening even today. How to understand where Persia was? What is the country in its place now?
Modern states on whose territory there was an empire:
- Egypt.
- Lebanon.
- Iraq.
- Pakistan.
- Georgia.
- Bulgaria.
- Türkiye.
- Parts of Greece and Romania.
These are not all the countries that are related to Persia. However, Iran is most often associated with the ancient empire. What is this country and its people like?
Iran's mysterious past
The name of the country is the modern form of the word "Ariana", which translates as "land of the Aryans". Indeed, from the first millennium BC, Aryan tribes populated almost all the lands of modern Iran. Part of this tribe moved to Northern India, and part went to the northern steppes, calling themselves Scythians and Sarmatians.
Later, powerful kingdoms emerged in Western Iran. One of these Iranian formations was Media. It was subsequently captured by the army of Cyrus the Second. It was he who united the Iranians in his empire and led them to conquer the world.
How does modern Persia live (what country is it now, it became clear)?
Life in modern Iran through the eyes of foreigners
For many ordinary people, Iran is associated with revolution and the nuclear program. However, the history of this country spans more than two thousand years. It has absorbed different cultures: Persian, Islamic, Western.
Iranians have elevated pretense to a true art of communication. They are very courteous and sincere, but this is only the outer side. In fact, behind their obsequiousness lies the intention to find out all the plans of their interlocutor.
Former Persia (now Iran) was captured by the Greeks, Turks, and Mongols. At the same time, the Persians were able to preserve their traditions. They know how to get along with strangers, their culture is characterized by a certain flexibility - taking the best from the traditions of strangers without abandoning their own.
Iran (Persia) was under Arab rule for centuries. At the same time, its inhabitants were able to preserve their language. Poetry helped them with this. Most of all they honor the poet Ferdowsi, and Europeans remember Omar Khayyam. The preservation of culture was facilitated by the teachings of Zarathustra, which appeared long before the Arab invasion.
Although Islam now plays a leading role in the country, Iranians have not lost their national identity. They remember well their centuries-old history.
History of ancient Persia
The Persian king Cyrus II from the Achaemenid clan conquered Media and many other countries in a short time and had a huge and well-armed army, which began to prepare for a campaign against Babylonia. A new force appeared in Western Asia, which in a short time managed to - in just a few decades- completely change the political map of the Middle East.
Babylonia and Egypt abandoned many years of hostile policies towards each other, for the rulers of both countries were well aware of the need to prepare for war with the Persian Empire. The outbreak of war was only a matter of time.
The Persian campaign against Babylon began in 539 BC. e. Decisive battle between the Persians and Babylonians occurred near the city of Opis on the Tigris River. Cyrus won a complete victory here, soon his troops took the well-fortified city of Sippar, and the Persians captured Babylon without a fight.
After this, the Persian ruler's gaze turned to the East, where for several years he waged a grueling war with the nomadic tribes of Central Asia and where he eventually died in 530 BC. e.
Cyrus's successors, Cambyses and Darius, completed the work he had begun. in 524-523 BC e. Cambyses' campaign against Egypt took place, as a result of which Achaemenid power was established on the banks of the Nile. Ancient Egypt became one of the satrapies of the new empire. Darius continued to strengthen the eastern and western borders of the empire. Towards the end of the reign of Darius, who died in 485 BC. e., the Persian power dominated over a vast territory from the Aegean Sea in the west to India in the east and from the deserts of Central Asia in the north to the rapids of the Nile in the south. The Achaemenids (Persians) united almost the entire civilized world known to them and ruled it until the 4th century. BC e., when their power was broken and conquered by the military genius of Alexander the Great.
- Achaemen, 600s. BC.
- Theispes, 600s BC.
- Cyrus I, 640 - 580 BC.
- Cambyses I, 580 - 559 BC.
- Cyrus II the Great, 559 - 530 BC.
- Cambyses II, 530 - 522 BC.
- Bardia, 522 BC
- Darius I, 522 - 486 BC.
- Xerxes I, 485 - 465 BC.
- Artaxerxes I, 465 - 424 BC.
- Xerxes II, 424 BC
- Secudian, 424 - 423 BC.
- Darius II, 423 - 404 BC.
- Artaxerxes II, 404 - 358 BC.
- Artaxerxes III, 358 - 338 BC.
- Artaxerxes IV Arses, 338 - 336 BC.
- Darius III, 336 - 330 BC.
- Artaxerxes V Bessus, 330 - 329 BC.
Map of the Persian Empire
The Aryan tribes - the eastern branch of the Indo-Europeans - by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. inhabited almost the entire territory of present-day Iran. Self the word "Iran" is the modern form of the name "Ariana", i.e. country of the Aryans. Initially, these were warlike tribes of semi-nomadic cattle breeders who fought on war chariots. Some of the Aryans moved to Northern India even earlier and captured it, giving rise to the Indo-Aryan culture. Other Aryan tribes, closer to the Iranians, remained nomadic in Central Asia and the northern steppes - the Scythians, Sakas, Sarmatians, etc. The Iranians themselves, having settled on the fertile lands of the Iranian Plateau, gradually abandoned their nomadic life and took up farming, adopting the skills of Mesopotamian civilization. It reached a high level already in the XI-VIII centuries. BC e. Iranian craft. His monument is the famous “Luristan bronzes” - skillfully made weapons and household items with images of mythical and real-life animals.
"Luristan Bronzes"- a cultural monument of Western Iran. It was here, in the immediate vicinity and confrontation with Assyria, that the most powerful Iranian kingdoms arose. The first of them Media has strengthened(in northwestern Iran). The Median kings took part in the destruction of Assyria. The history of their state is well known from written monuments. But Median monuments of the 7th-6th centuries. BC e. very poorly studied. Even the capital of the country, the city of Ecbatana, has not yet been found. What is known is that it was located in the vicinity of the modern city of Hamadan. Nevertheless, two Median fortresses already studied by archaeologists from the times of the fight against Assyria speak of a fairly high culture of the Medes.
In 553 BC. e. Cyrus (Kurush) II, the king of the subordinate Persian tribe from the Achaemenid clan, rebelled against the Medes. In 550 BC. e. Cyrus united the Iranians under his rule and led them to conquer the world. In 546 BC. e. he conquered Asia Minor, and in 538 BC. e. Babylon fell. The son of Cyrus, Cambyses, conquered Egypt, and under King Darius I at the turn of the 6th-5th centuries. before. n. e. Persian power reached its greatest expansion and prosperity.
Monuments of its greatness are the royal capitals excavated by archaeologists - the most famous and best researched monuments of Persian culture. The oldest of them is Pasargadae, the capital of Cyrus.
Sasanian Revival - Sasanian Empire
In 331-330. BC e. The famous conqueror Alexander the Great destroyed the Persian Empire. In retaliation for Athens, once devastated by the Persians, Greek Macedonian soldiers brutally plundered and burned Persepolis. The Achaemenid dynasty came to an end. The period of Greco-Macedonian rule over the East began, which is usually called the Hellenistic era.
For the Iranians, the conquest was a disaster. Power over all neighbors was replaced by humiliated submission to long-time enemies - the Greeks. The traditions of Iranian culture, already shaken by the desire of kings and nobles to imitate the vanquished in luxury, were now completely trampled upon. Little changed after the liberation of the country by the nomadic Iranian tribe of the Parthians.
The Russians expelled the Greeks from Iran in the 2nd century. BC e., but they themselves borrowed a lot from Greek culture. The Greek language is still used on the coins and inscriptions of their kings. Temples are still being built with numerous statues, according to Greek models, which seemed blasphemous to many Iranians. In ancient times, Zarathushtra forbade the worship of idols, commanding that an unquenchable flame be venerated as a symbol of deity and sacrifices made to it. It was the religious humiliation that was greatest, and it was not for nothing that the cities built by the Greek conquerors were later called “Dragon buildings” in Iran.
In 226 AD e. The rebel ruler of Pars, who bore the ancient royal name Ardashir (Artaxerxes), overthrew the Parthian dynasty. The second story has begun Persian Empire - Sassanid Empire, the dynasty to which the winner belonged.
The Sassanians sought to revive the culture of ancient Iran. The very history of the Achaemenid state had by that time become a vague legend. So, the society that was described in the legends of the Zoroastrian Mobed priests was put forward as an ideal. The Sassanians built, in fact, a culture that had never existed in the past, thoroughly imbued with a religious idea. This had little in common with the era of the Achaemenids, who willingly adopted the customs of the conquered tribes.
Under the Sassanids, the Iranian decisively triumphed over the Hellenic. Greek temples completely disappear, the Greek language goes out of official use. The broken statues of Zeus (who was identified with Ahura Mazda under the Parthians) are replaced by faceless altars of fire. Naqsh-i-Rustem is decorated with new reliefs and inscriptions. In the 3rd century. The second Sasanian king Shapur I ordered his victory over the Roman emperor Valerian to be carved on the rocks. On the reliefs of the kings, a bird-shaped farn is overshadowed - a sign of divine protection.
Capital of Persia became the city of Ctesiphon, built by the Parthians next to the emptying Babylon. Under the Sassanids, new palace complexes were built in Ctesiphon and huge (up to 120 hectares) royal parks were laid out. The most famous of the Sasanian palaces is Tak-i-Kisra, the palace of King Khosrow I, who ruled in the 6th century. Along with monumental reliefs, palaces were now decorated with delicate carved ornaments in lime mixture.
Under the Sassanids, the irrigation system of Iranian and Mesopotamian lands was improved. In the VI century. The country was covered by a network of carises (underground water pipelines with clay pipes), stretching up to 40 km. The cleaning of the carises was carried out through special wells dug every 10 m. The carises served for a long time and ensured the rapid development of agriculture in Iran during the Sasanian era. It was then that cotton and sugar cane began to be grown in Iran, and gardening and winemaking developed. At the same time, Iran became one of the suppliers of its own fabrics - both woolen, linen and silk.
Sasanian power was much smaller Achaemenid, covered only Iran itself, part of the lands of Central Asia, the territories of present-day Iraq, Armenia and Azerbaijan. She had to fight for a long time, first with Rome, then with the Byzantine Empire. Despite all this, the Sassanids lasted longer than the Achaemenids - more than four centuries. Ultimately, the state, exhausted by continuous wars in the West, was engulfed in a struggle for power. The Arabs took advantage of this, bringing a new faith - Islam - by force of arms. In 633-651 after a fierce war they conquered Persia. So it was over with the ancient Persian state and ancient Iranian culture.
Persia is the ancient name of a country in Southwest Asia that has been officially called Iran since 1935.
In ancient times, Persia became the center of one of the greatest empires in history, which stretched from Egypt to the Indus River. It included all previous empires - the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Hittites.
Persia arose in the 6th century BC. Until its conquest by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, it occupied a dominant position in the Ancient World. Greek rule lasted about 100 years, and after its fall, the Persian power was revived under two local dynasties: the Arsacids (Parthian Kingdom) and the Sassanids (New Persian Kingdom). For more than 7 centuries they kept first Rome and then Byzantium at bay.
It is known that the most ancient inhabitants of Iran had a different origin than the Persians and related peoples. During excavations in caves near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, human skeletons dating back to the 8th millennium BC were found. In northwestern Iran, skulls of people who lived in the 3rd millennium BC were discovered. Scientists have proposed calling the indigenous population Caspians. Finds during excavations indicate that the tribes that inhabited this region were mainly engaged in hunting, then switched to cattle breeding, which was replaced by agriculture. The main settlements were Sialk, Gey-Tepe, Gissar, the largest was Susa, which soon became the capital of the Persian state.
The historical era begins on the Iranian plateau at the end of the 4th millennium BC. The largest of the peoples who lived on the eastern borders of Mesopotamia were the Elamites, who captured the ancient city of Susa. They founded the powerful and prosperous state of Elam there. Further north lived the Kassites, barbarian tribes of horsemen. By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC they conquered Babylonia.
From the 2nd millennium BC, invasions of tribes from Central Asia began on the Iranian plateau. These were the Aryans, the Indo-Iranian tribes who gave Iran its name (“homeland of the Aryans”). One group of Aryans settled in the west of the Iranian plateau, where they founded the state of Mitanni, another group - in the south among the Kassites.
At the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, a second wave of aliens rushed to the Iranian plateau. These were the Iranian tribes themselves - Sogdians, Scythians, Sakas, Parthians, Bactrians, Medes and Persians. Many of them left the highlands, and only the Medes and Persians settled in the valleys of the Zagros range. The Medes settled in the vicinity of Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). The Persians settled somewhat further south.
The Median kingdom gradually gained strength. In 612 BC, the Median king Cyaxares entered into an alliance with Babylonia, captured Nineveh and crushed the Assyrian power. However, the power of the Medes did not last longer than two generations.
Even under the Medes, the Achaemenid dynasty began to dominate Pars. In 553 BC, Cyrus II the Great, the Achaemenid ruler of Parsa, rebelled against the Median king Astyages, who was the son of Cyaxares. As a result of the uprising, a powerful alliance of Medes and Persians was created. The new power was a threat to the entire Middle East. In 546 BC, the king of Lydia, Croesus, decided to defeat the power of Cyrus. The Babylonians, Egyptians and Spartans volunteered to help him with this.
Cyrus won, who later occupied Babylonia, and by the end of his reign expanded the borders of the state from the Mediterranean Sea to the east of the Iranian Plateau. The capital was the city of Pasargadae. Cyrus's son, Cambyses, captured Egypt and proclaimed himself pharaoh.
The greatest of the Persian kings was Darius. During his reign, the northwestern part of India up to the Indus River and Armenia up to the Caucasus Mountains came under Persian rule. Darius also organized a campaign in Thrace, but the Scythians repelled his attack. During the reign of Darius, the Greeks in western Asia Minor rebelled. This uprising marked the beginning of the struggle against the Persian kingdom. It ended only a century and a half later due to the fall of the Persian kingdom under the blows of Alexander the Great.
In the middle of the 6th century BC. That is, a hitherto little-known tribe entered the historical arena - the Persians, who, by the will of fate, soon managed to create the greatest empire of that time, a powerful state stretching from Egypt and Libya to the borders. The Persians were active and insatiable in their conquests, and only courage and bravery during the Greco-Persian Wars managed to stop their further expansion into Europe. But who were the ancient Persians, what was their history and culture? Read about all this further in our article.
Where is Persia
But first, let’s answer the question of where ancient Persia is located, or rather, where it was. The territory of Persia at the time of its greatest prosperity extended from the borders of India in the East to modern Libya in North Africa and part of mainland Greece in the West (those lands that the Persians managed to conquer from the Greeks for a short time).
This is what ancient Persia looks like on the map.
History of Persia
The origin of the Persians is associated with the warlike nomadic tribes of the Aryans, some of whom settled on the territory of the modern state of Iran (the word “Iran” itself comes from the ancient name “Ariana,” which means “country of the Aryans”). Finding themselves on the fertile lands of the Iranian highlands, they switched from a nomadic lifestyle to a sedentary one, nevertheless, preserving both their military traditions of nomads and the simplicity of morals characteristic of many nomadic tribes.
The history of ancient Persia as a great power of the past begins in the middle of the 6th century BC. that is, when, under the leadership of the talented leader (later the Persian king) Cyrus II, the Persians first completely conquered Media, one of the large states of the then East. And then they began to threaten itself, which at that time was the greatest power of antiquity.
And already in 539, near the city of Opis, on the Tiber River, a decisive battle took place between the armies of the Persians and Babylonians, which ended in a brilliant victory for the Persians, the Babylonians were completely defeated, and Babylon itself, the greatest city of antiquity for many centuries, became part of the newly formed Persian Empire . In just a dozen years, the Persians from a seedy tribe truly turned into the rulers of the East.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus, such a crushing success of the Persians was facilitated, first of all, by the simplicity and modesty of the latter. And of course there is iron military discipline in their troops. Even after gaining enormous wealth and power over many other tribes and peoples, the Persians continued to honor these virtues, simplicity and modesty, most of all. It is interesting that during the coronation of the Persian kings, the future king had to put on the clothes of a common man and eat a handful of dried figs and drink a glass of sour milk - the food of the common people, which symbolized his connection with the people.
But back to the history of the Persian Empire, the successors of Cyrus II, the Persian kings Cambyses and Darius, continued their active policy of conquest. So, under Cambyses, the Persians invaded ancient Egypt, which by that time was experiencing a political crisis. Having defeated the Egyptians, the Persians turned this cradle of ancient civilization, Egypt, into one of their satrapies (provinces).
King Darius actively strengthened the borders of the Persian state, both in the East and in the West; under his rule, ancient Persia reached the pinnacle of its power, and almost the entire civilized world of that time was under its rule. With the exception of ancient Greece in the West, which gave no rest to the warlike Persian kings, and soon the Persians, under the reign of King Xerxes, the heir of Darius, tried to conquer these wayward and freedom-loving Greeks, but it was not to be.
Despite their numerical superiority, military luck betrayed the Persians for the first time. In a number of battles they suffered a number of crushing defeats from the Greeks, however, at some stage they managed to conquer a number of Greek territories and even plunder Athens, but still the Greco-Persian wars ended in a crushing defeat for the Persian Empire.
From that moment on, the once great country entered a period of decline; the Persian kings, who had grown up in luxury, increasingly forgot the former virtues of modesty and simplicity, which were so valued by their ancestors. Many conquered countries and peoples were just waiting for the moment to rebel against the hated Persians, their enslavers and conquerors. And such a moment has come - Alexander the Great, at the head of a united Greek army, himself attacked Persia.
It seemed that the Persian troops would crush this arrogant Greek (or rather, not even a completely Greek - a Macedonian) into powder, but everything turned out to be completely different, the Persians again suffered crushing defeats, one after another, the united Greek phalanx, this tank of antiquity, crushes superior forces over and over again. Persian forces. The peoples once conquered by the Persians, seeing what was happening, also rebelled against their rulers; the Egyptians even met Alexander’s army as liberators from the hated Persians. Persia turned out to be a true ear of clay with feet of clay, formidable in appearance, it was crushed thanks to the military and political genius of one Macedonian.
Sasanian state and Sasanian revival
The conquests of Alexander the Great turned out to be a disaster for the Persians, who, instead of arrogant power over other peoples, had to humbly submit to their long-time enemies - the Greeks. Only in the 2nd century BC. That is, the Parthian tribes managed to expel the Greeks from Asia Minor, although the Parthians themselves adopted a lot from the Greeks. And so in 226 AD, a certain ruler of Pars with the ancient Persian name Ardashir (Artaxerxes) rebelled against the ruling Parthian dynasty. The uprising was successful and ended with the restoration of the Persian state, the Sassanid state, which historians call the “second Persian empire” or the “Sassanid revival”.
The Sasanian rulers sought to revive the former greatness of ancient Persia, which at that time had already become a semi-legendary power. And it was under them that a new flowering of Iranian and Persian culture began, which everywhere supplants Greek culture. Temples and new palaces in the Persian style are being actively built, wars are being waged with neighbors, but not as successfully as in the old days. The territory of the new Sasanian state is several times smaller than the size of the former Persia; it is located only on the site of modern Iran, the actual ancestral home of the Persians, and also covers part of the territory of modern Iraq, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The Sasanian state existed for more than four centuries, until, exhausted by continuous wars, it was finally conquered by the Arabs, carrying the banner of a new religion - Islam.
Persian culture
The culture of ancient Persia is most notable for their system of government, which even the ancient Greeks admired. In their opinion, this form of government was the pinnacle of monarchical rule. The Persian state was divided into so-called satrapies, headed by the satrap himself, which means “guardian of order.” In fact, the satrap was a local governor-general, whose broad responsibilities included maintaining order in the territories entrusted to him, collecting taxes, administering justice, and commanding local military garrisons.
Another important achievement of Persian civilization was the beautiful roads described by Herodotus and Xenophon. The most famous was the royal road, running from Ephesus in Asia Minor to the city of Susa in the East.
The post office functioned well in ancient Persia, which was also greatly facilitated by good roads. Also in ancient Persia, trade was very developed; a well-thought-out tax system, similar to the modern one, functioned throughout the state, in which part of the taxes and taxes went to conditional local budgets, while part was sent to the central government. The Persian kings had a monopoly on the minting of gold coins, while their satraps could also mint their own coins, but only in silver or copper. The "local money" of the satraps circulated only in a certain territory, while the gold coins of the Persian kings were a universal means of payment throughout the Persian empire and even beyond its borders.
Coins of Persia.
Writing in ancient Persia had an active development; there were several types of it: from pictograms to the alphabet invented in its time. The official language of the Persian kingdom was Aramaic, coming from the ancient Assyrians.
The art of ancient Persia is represented by the sculpture and architecture there. For example, skillfully carved stone bas-reliefs of Persian kings have survived to this day.
Persian palaces and temples were famous for their luxurious decoration.
Here is an image of a Persian master.
Unfortunately, other forms of ancient Persian art have not reached us.
Religion of Persia
The religion of ancient Persia is represented by a very interesting religious doctrine - Zoroastrianism, so named after the founder of this religion, the sage, prophet (and possibly magician) Zoroaster (aka Zoroaster). The teachings of Zoroastrianism are based on the eternal confrontation between good and evil, where the good principle is represented by the god Ahura Mazda. The wisdom and revelation of Zarathushtra are presented in the sacred book of Zoroastrianism - the Zend Avesta. In fact, this religion of the ancient Persians has a lot in common with other monotheistic later religions, such as Christianity and Islam:
- Belief in one God, which among the Persians was represented by Ahura-Mazda himself. The antipode of God, the Devil, Satan in the Christian tradition in Zoroastrianism is represented by the demon Druj, personifying evil, lies, and destruction.
- The presence of sacred scripture, the Zend-Avesta among the Zoroastrian Persians, like the Koran among Muslims and the Bible among Christians.
- The presence of a prophet, Zoroastrian-Zaratushtra, through whom divine wisdom is transmitted.
- The moral and ethical component of the teaching is that Zoroastrianism preaches (as well as other religions) renunciation of violence, theft, and murder. For an unrighteous and sinful path in the future, according to Zarathustra, a person after death will end up in hell, while a person who commits good deeds after death will remain in heaven.
In a word, as we see, the ancient Persian religion of Zoroastrianism is strikingly different from the pagan religions of many other peoples, and in its nature is very similar to the later world religions of Christianity and Islam, and by the way, it still exists today. After the fall of the Sasanian state, the final collapse of Persian culture and especially religion came, since the Arab conquerors carried with them the banner of Islam. Many Persians also converted to Islam at this time and assimilated with the Arabs. But there was a part of the Persians who wanted to remain faithful to their ancient religion of Zoroastrianism, fleeing the religious persecution of Muslims, they fled to India, where they preserved their religion and culture to this day. Now they are known under the name Parsis; on the territory of modern India, even today there are many Zoroastrian temples, as well as adherents of this religion, real descendants of the ancient Persians.
Ancient Persia, video
And in conclusion, an interesting documentary about ancient Persia - “The Persian Empire - an empire of greatness and wealth.”
formerly called Persia
Alternative descriptionsFormer Persia
In the Middle Ages Persia
State in Asia
A historically interesting turquoise deposit is located on the territory of this country.
Home of the world's best carpets
The country in which the main action of the film "Tehran-43" took place
The country where the world's best sky blue turquoise has been mined for 3,000 years
The place where the Kurds live
Which country has the domain "ir"?
With which country did Russia conclude the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty in 1828?
In which country is the Mirzai dance performed?
A country whose two main exports are oil and carpets
In which country do they speak Farsi?
In what country do Persians and Kurds live?
With which state do we share the Caspian Sea?
Islamic republic
Which Asian country's capital is Tehran?
Persia today
State of the Persians
Persia now
Gas-rich country
Whose capital is Tehran?
Persians and Kurds live there
Country in the “axis of evil”
In this country they pay in rials
In which country do Mirzais dance?
Where do the Kurds live?
Country around Tehran
The birthplace of the religion of Zoroastrianism
Carpet exporting country
What country has the domain "ir"?
In what country is the city of Abadan?
Country with main city Tehran
Country with capital Tehran
The land of Persian carpets
Tehran
Near Turkmenistan
Tehran (country)
South of Turkmenistan
Borders with Turkey
Close to Pakistan
Bl.-East a country
Afghanistan's neighbor
Borders Iraq
Previously called Persia
Country with the city of Tehran at its head
Area surrounding Tehran
Present Persia
Close to Turkey
Current name of Persia
Oslo is Norway, what about Tehran?
Homeland of Persian cats
Asian power
. "land of the Aryans"
Persia in our time
The country of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Persia now
Close to Iraq and Turkey
Borders Pakistan
Borders with Turkey and Turkmenistan
Persia today
Power in Asia
Asian country
Its capital is Tehran
Persia in the current version
Country in Asia
Islamic State
Country of Ayatollah Khomeini
Country of the Persians
Islamic country
Left of Afghanistan
Oil country in Asia
Previously called Persia
Asian state
Oil power in Asia
Country with Tehran
Pakistan's neighbor
Muslim power
Persia today
In which country is the city of Isfahan?
Power of Persian carpets
State in Western Asia
The country in which the main action of the film "Tehran-43" took place
State in Asia
a state that appeared on the world historical stage from the middle of the sixth century BC and, during its development, passed the path from an ordinary tribe to a great empire
Expand contents
Collapse content
Persia is the definition
Persia is the ancient name of the lands located between the Tigris and Rivers, on which one of the greatest empires in history was located, which gave rise to the modern Islamic state of Iran.
Persia is the name of Iran used in Western countries until 1935. In history, the term Persia is also used in relation to the Persian empires of the Achaemenids (VI - IV centuries BC) and Sassanids (III - VII centuries AD).
Persia is the Greek name for the historical region of Fars (Parsuash) in southern Iran, where the peoples who formed the Achaemenid Empire (VI - IV centuries BC) and Sassanids (III - VII centuries AD) lived.
Persia is Latinized name of the historical region of Pars, now Fars (ancient Persian Parsuash; ancient Greek Persida), in southern Iran on the coast (the historical homeland of the Persians and the Persian language, as well as the cradle of Iranian statehood), after which a number of Persian states were subsequently named empires
Persia is A vast country in , inhabited by the Persians. Under Cyrus, Persia became an independent monarchy, expanding its limits far and achieving great prosperity. The independence of the ancient Persian monarchy was destroyed by Alexander the Great.
Persia is a short name in historical literature, as well as in the Persian language (Persian پرشیا - pershiyâ) to designate the Iranian states (Persian empires) that existed before the Arab conquest.
Persia, this is the center of one of the greatest empires in history, stretching from Egypt to the Indus River. It included all previous empires - the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Hittites.
Persia is An ancient Asian kingdom, the boundaries of which changed significantly at different times. As it exists today, the Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus and its inhabitants in ancient times were called Elamites, from their ancestor Elam, son of Shem, and in later times they were called Parthians. The Median and Persian thrones were united under Cyrus in 536 BC, and in fact the entire country from Egypt to r. The Ganges combined into what was then called the Persian Empire.
Persia, what is this? state in southwest Asia. The capital is the city of Tehran. In the west it borders with Iraq, in the northwest with Azerbaijan, Armenia, and the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, in the north with Turkmenistan, in the east with Afghanistan and Pakistan. Iran is washed from the north by the Caspian Sea, from the south by the Persian and Oman Gulfs of the Indian Ocean.
Persia, what is this? an ancient empire where the inhabitants are settled descendants of the Indo-European Aryan nomadic people who c. XV century BC e. to Eastern Iran from Central Asia, and then occupied Persia around the 10th century BC. e., displacing the Assyrians, Elamites and Chaldeans from there.
Persia, what is this? The feudal state, once powerful and remaining quite strong even in the 16th – 17th centuries, subsequently stopped in its development.
History of ancient Persia
Achaemenid power
Kings of Persia from the Achaemenid dynasty
Cyrus II
Darius I
Seleucids
Parthia
Sasanian power
Turks
Seljuks
Sultanate
Sanjar and Khorezmshahi
Ghurids
Mussel
Historical boundaries
Sources and links
Sources of texts, pictures and videos
dic.academic.ru - dictionaries and encyclopedias on Academician
slovopedia.com - popular biblical encyclopedia
coolreferat.com - portal with abstracts, coursework, diplomas
enc-dic.com - collection of encyclopedias and dictionaries
gatchina3000.ru - portal of encyclopedic articles
ancient.gerodot.ru - history of the ancient world
wikiznanie.ru - universal electronic library
ikatkov.info - website "Lonely Traveler"
world-history.ru - world history
tehlib.com - library of the scientific and technical portal Tekhnar
nationalsecurity.ru - digital and electronic maps