Argentina is the capital of which country. Argentina (Silver Country). What's worth seeing
Buenos Aires 02:49 11°C
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Population of the country 41,343,201 people Territory 2,766,890 sq. km Part of the world South America Capital of Argentina Buenos Aires Money Peso (ARS) Domain zone.ar Country telephone code +54
Transport
Argentina has a relatively developed transport infrastructure. Considering the large area of the country, airplanes are the most suitable mode of transport. They are convenient to use for moving both within the country and outside its borders.
Travel by long-distance minibuses is widespread within the republic. Such a trip is very comfortable and may include a number of additional services, depending on the duration of the upcoming trip. Traveling around the country by rail is not always convenient. This is due to the cancellation of many intercity routes due to their low profitability.
Climate: Mostly temperate. Dry in the southeast. Subantarctic in the southwest.
Sights of Argentina
Argentina is rich in attractions, both natural and cultural and historical. Natural monuments include picturesque waterfalls, high majestic mountains, dense forests, wide steppes, and endless deserted beaches.
The country's cultural and historical attractions are concentrated in its capital, Buenos Aires. There are: the Colon Opera House, the Metropolitan Cathedral, squares decorated with monumental obelisks and fountains, quiet parks, gardens and museums. On the banks of Riachuelo you can see original wooden houses painted in bright colors, and the legendary old cemetery of Recoleta, with many open-air sculptures, recalls the national cult of worship of death.
The historic city center contains ancient buildings, old churches, cobbled streets with lampposts, an antiques market and many cozy bars.
Terrain: Rich plains in the northern half. Patagonian plateau in the south. Andes along the western border
Museums
The capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires, is called the city of museums. And all because Argentines are very proud of their history and the presence of 120 museums does not surprise them at all.
Among the museums, the National History Museum is especially popular, representing the history of the country from the 16th to the 20th centuries and having a colorful panorama of Argentine life. Film Museum, including the history of Argentine cinema, as well as a collection of over 600 films.
Football Museum in Argentina, was the first of its kind in America to showcase the best moments in 20th century football using cutting-edge audio and visual display technologies. The city has a large number of museums of various types that can interest any visitor to this country.
Resources: Fertile plains, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium.
Resorts
Resorts in Argentina are distinguished by their diversity, but their main feature is the beauty of the local nature. Among them are ski and sea resorts.
Ski season in Argentina starts in mid-June. Until mid-October you can enjoy skiing on numerous scenic trails of varying difficulty. All ski resorts are well equipped. There are good hotels, convenient ski lifts and well-groomed areas.
Argentines sympathize with the Russians because of the severe frosts they have to endure.
Argentina's seaside resorts are not so popular, like ski resorts, since the waters of the Pacific Ocean are cool. The water temperature during the season does not exceed 22 degrees. Miramar and Mar del Plata are resorts with beach holidays, a temperate climate and good infrastructure.
Money of Argentina: The national currency is the Peso (ARS) – 100 centavos. The currencies in use are 1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 pesos. The National Bank issues coins: 1, 10, 20 and 50 centavos. In large shopping centers, restaurants and hotels you can pay with Eurocard, American Express, Master Card and Visa.
Hotels
Argentina is a country with a considerable number of hotels in all its corners, for every taste and with different pricing policies. All hotels are of good quality and comfortable. The price per room varies depending on the location and the availability of additional services, but it is worth noting that the ratio between price and quality is always perfectly maintained.
An umbrella opened into a room brings bad luck. Therefore, doing this is strictly prohibited.
A large number of tourists come to Argentina every year, including people with different incomes, marital status, different ages and different concepts of the ideal hotel. It is always possible to find a hotel that will meet your needs and specific requirements, thanks to the variety of offers in this unique country. Leaving Argentina, your holiday impressions will remain unforgettable.
Leisure
The organization of leisure time in Argentina is at a high level - cinemas, museums, casinos, nightclubs, restaurants, theaters, sports facilities and much more - will always help you have an interesting time. But the beauty of nature is unforgettable.
There are more than 10 national parks on the territory of the state, among which are two of the most significant. Iguazu National Park is recognized as one of the wonders of the world. There are 275 waterfalls on its territory, including the largest waterfall on the continent - Iguazu and a cascade of waterfalls consisting of 14 separate ones - Gargante del Diablo. Los Glaciares National Park is located in the Andes on the border with Chile and is famous for its glacier called Perito Moreno. It protrudes 60 meters out of the water and moves 2 meters per day. The glacier crumbles and its fragments fall into the lake with a roar.
Standard of living
Argentina is one of the most urbanized countries in Latin America, with 87% of the total population living in cities. Argentina is ahead of many Latin American countries in terms of socio-economic indicators of living standards.
Society includes: the entrepreneurial class, a large middle class, a well-organized working class and the peasantry. A special important group of the population that influences the life of the country is the “estancieros”. These are farmers who own large livestock farms. It is worth noting that the standard of living in the city differs from the way of life outside the big cities. 77 years is the average life expectancy of the republic's residents.
Pope Francis once worked as a bouncer in a bar in Buenos Aires.
Major cities in Argentina
Among the major cities of Argentina, the most significant is undoubtedly Buenos Aires, a giant city with a population of about 13 million people. This metropolis is recognized as one of the most elegant cities in the world and this is explained by the fact that its central part was built according to the designs of the best architects in France. The beauty of the architecture of the buildings, wide streets, parks and gardens are brief characteristics of the city. Buenos Aires is the capital of the state, the largest cultural and industrial center. More than a third of the country's total population lives in it.
The city of Cordoba is a large industrial center, Rosario is a port city on the river. The city of Paraná is home to more than one million people, and the half-million city of Salta, the closest city to the equator, is located at an altitude of 1,100 meters.
Population
Coordinates
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires FO 34.61315 x -58.37723 Province of Cordoba 31.4135 x -64.18105 Province of Santa Fe 32.94682 x -60.63932 Province of Mendoza 32.89084 x -68.82717 San Miguel de Tucuman Province of Tucuman 26.82414 x -65.2226 Province of Buenos Aires 34.92145 x -57.95453 Mar del Plata Province of Buenos Aires 38.00228 x -57.55754 Province of Buenos Aires 34.72418 x -58.25265 24.7859 x -65.41166 Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz Province of Santa Fe 31.63333 x -60.7 San Juan Province of San Juan It is well known that Argentines are unusually talkative and sociable; they try to start a conversation with a stranger everywhere: in a store, at an ice cream kiosk, and even at a currency exchange office, the cashier may start asking you about a variety of things that have nothing to do with the exchange money. So what is the language in Argentina? What dictionaries and phrasebooks will we need to contact the local population in order to feel comfortable? When the first waves of immigrants arrived in the country, they spoke to each other in Cocolic, which is an Italian-Spanish pidgin. This was due to the fact that a large mass of illiterate, poor Italians who did not know Spanish, but actively communicated with the local Creole population, arrived in the country. This rapid interaction between peoples gave rise to a mixture of Italian with Spanish and its dialects, which was called Cocoliche. Nowadays, no one speaks Kokolic anymore, but it continues to be used from time to time in theatrical productions of the Argentine Opera House on the theme of historical events and past times. True, they do not take this language seriously and always use it in a humorous form, as, for example, the actor Dario Vittori does. And in modern speech there are only a small number of words and expressions left from the formerly main dialect that everyone used. The bulk of expressive words from Cocoliche passed into the Lunfardo dialect. Most people in this country speak Spanish, although locals prefer to call it Castilian Spanish, due to the fact that this dialect was spoken by the first settlers in the country who arrived from Castile. The official language of Argentina is Spanish. If we consider the country as a whole, then there are more than 40 languages and dialects, not counting European languages, which also continue to exist and be used along with Spanish. Italian can be considered the second most important and popular language in Argentina. More than 1.5 million people use it daily, although it is only slightly inferior in popularity to German. The former Germans created a unique dialect in their new homeland, combining elements of Spanish and German, which they called Belgranodeutsch. It got its name from the place where the main colony of German immigrants lived - Belgrano, one of the districts of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. This language variant can be, figuratively speaking, compared to a cake of German morphology, stuffed with a large number of roots of Spanish origin instead of raisins. More than 60,000 Chinese migrants in Argentina continue to speak Chinese, most of them living in Buenos Aires. It is worth mentioning the speech variant, also called Syrian Arabic, which is spoken by approximately 1 million people from Syria, Palestine and Lebanon. It would seem that English could be the official language in this country, but it is curious that it is not popular in Argentina, so people who are accustomed to being understood in any country in the world, if they know English, will find themselves in an unusual situation here . But they will be able to communicate in their native languages, including Welsh, which is spoken by more than 200,000 people in the country. Previously, even before the seizure of Argentine lands by the Spaniards, the official languages in the country could have been Guarani and Quechua, which are currently used by no more than 1 million former descendants of the Indians, although the Quechua language was once used as a state language by the Incas in their empire, who themselves called themselves kapak-kuna, or great ones. But today, indigenous Indian languages have almost completely disappeared from the modern lexicon of Argentines, for example, the adverbs Abilon and Chane no longer exist in colloquial speech. No more than 500 people use the Kaywa dialect, and there are only a few people left who know and speak the Vilela vocabulary. Argentine Spanish contains such a huge number of Italian words that not everyone who speaks the official Spanish language is able to understand a local resident. The proximity to the Brazilian population also left its mark on the phonetics of the local dialect, where instead of the sound [th], the inhabitants of Argentina pronounce [zh]. This same proximity slightly distorted the grammar of the language. Separately, it is necessary to mention the Lunfardo (or Lunfardo) dialect, in which only thieves and prostitutes previously expressed their thoughts. It is an analogue of the Russian thieves' slang, called botat after hairdryer. Nowadays, this slang or jargon is rapidly capturing all social circles of society, thanks to the music and words to which tango is danced. Lunfardo includes selected words from Italian and Portuguese, interspersed with French words and some expressions from indigenous languages, such as Quechua, which local indigenous people still use in remote parts of the country. However, in everyday life it is considered indecent to use this dialect and it is recommended to use a variety of Spanish called Castellano, in which radio broadcasts and periodicals are published along with the Castilian dialect. Castelgiano is an intricate pattern that interweaves Italian and Spanish, which is somewhat subtly reminiscent of the Neapolitan dialect. One of the funny things about the Argentine language is the use of the interjection “Che!” when addressing a person. Something like our “Hey!” or “Listen!” Everyone remembers Ernesto Che Guevara, who was from these places, but not everyone knows that Ernesto Guevara received the prefix “Che” to his name precisely because he constantly used this word in any conversation. Several hundred thousand Russians living in the country continue to use the Russian language along with the Spanish dialects that they have already mastered or are currently learning. Some immigrants from Russia, sharing their impressions of how they began to learn previously unfamiliar Spanish from scratch on the spot, memorizing entire fairy tales or poems by heart after their first job as a loader or salesperson, note that today their children do not want to speak Russian , and parents have to force them to memorize fairy tales in Russian. But with the Spanish language, children do not experience any difficulties in communicating. It should be noted that in addition to Russian-speaking immigrants who retain the Russian language in everyday communication, there is also a part of the population that continues to communicate in Ukrainian, as well as Polish, Armenian and Bulgarian. Spanish is the official language in Argentina. Communicate in it - everyone will understand you. When planning to spend their holiday abroad for the first time, many focus on the availability of beaches or historical attractions. But it also happens that out of all the countries in the world, it is precisely one that attracts - Argentina: a bright, large and interesting country. Getting to know Argentina Argentina is one of the largest and most developed countries in Latin America. The official name of the state is the Argentine Republic, or the Republic of Argentina. In terms of territory size, this country ranks second after Brazil, and in terms of the number of total inhabitants, it ranks third after Brazil and Colombia. The area of Argentina, excluding disputed territories, is 2.78 million square meters. km. The capital of Argentina is. The currency of Argentina is the Argentine peso. The name of Argentina comes from the Latin word argentum - “silver”, since it was this metal that, according to legend, the first conquerors were looking for. According to experts, in 2015 the population of Argentina was 43,417 thousand people. About 85% of Argentines are members of the white race. The Indian population makes up only about 1.5% of the total citizens. About 92% of Argentines profess Christianity. When specifying what language is spoken in Argentina when purchasing a tour, be sure to indicate the specific place where you are going. In addition to the official state language, Spanish, others are also used in some areas. It depends on the history of the development of Argentina and on the traditions of the indigenous Indian peoples. Geography of Argentina Argentina is located in South America, in its southeastern part. The Republic of Argentina also includes islands - the territory of the state extends to the eastern part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Argentina shares borders with Chile in the west and with Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast. In the north, the state borders on Paraguay and, and in the east it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Argentina is located from north to south, which has a beneficial effect on its economy. The large extent of the Argentine state has provided the country with a variety of species of flora and fauna. According to the relief, the whole country is divided approximately into two parts: plains in the north and east and hills in the west and south, where the beautiful mountains of Argentina are located. The entire western border is the Andes - the largest mountain range in the Western Hemisphere. The highest mountain in Argentina and throughout South America is 6962 m. The largest river in Argentina is the Paraná, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Natural resources Argentina's diverse topography has provided it with rich natural resources, due to which, along with agriculture, heavy and processing industries are actively developing. There are no large deposits of world-scale minerals here, except for uranium ores. The vegetation in Argentina is very diverse: from impenetrable tropical forests to semi-deserts in Puna and. Valuable tree species (cedro, lapacho and araucaria) and shrubs grow here. The river banks are mostly covered with palm groves. The flat areas are represented by green meadows, and the lowlands are represented by swamps with reeds, water lilies and reeds. Cacti, low-growing trees and thorny bushes grow in deserts. The fauna is not very diverse, but is distinguished by a large number of endemics, such as the Pampas cat and deer, the Magellanic dog and the spectacled bear. In Argentina you can find puma, chinchilla, vicuna, otter, and armadillo. Of the birds, it is worth highlighting the heron, hummingbird, flamingo and ovenbird. Climate and weather in Argentina The territory of Argentina is crossed by three climatic zones: tropical, subtropical and temperate. The far south of the country is characterized by cold weather conditions. Average summer temperatures usually do not exceed +15°C. The region is considered a real “heat pole”; it is located in the north of the country and falls into the tropical zone. Summer temperatures here remain stably at +30…+40°С, winter temperatures – +17…+20°С. Precipitation falls to a greater extent on the eastern coast in the amount of 1400-1600 mm; closer to the western borders these figures decrease to 100-300 mm. There is no division into wet and dry seasons in Argentina. Government system and symbols of Argentina Argentina's form of government is a federal republic. Argentina is divided into 23 provinces and one Federal Capital District of Buenos Aires - a total of 24 administrative territories. The Argentine Constitution was adopted in 1853 and divides power into executive, legislative and judicial powers. The country is led by a president elected for four years. The Cabinet of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister of Argentina. The highest legislative body of the Republic, the National Congress, is divided into the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The President of the Senate is also the Vice President of Argentina. The official ceremonial flag of Argentina has existed since 1812. Cities and resorts of Argentina The largest metropolitan areas in Argentina after the capital are and. You can also note the following large cities in Argentina: A special feature of Argentina is the variety of options, and the presence of excellent beach and ski resorts. Sights and entertainment of Argentina Argentina has a huge variety of both natural and man-made: Argentina's culture is reflected in its and. Throughout the country, holidays are held annually, Catholic Easter is celebrated, military historical events and family holidays are honored. Public holidays like Independence Day and Teacher's Day stand out. Argentina is known to many for its beautiful tango dance and gaucho cowboy culture, and the art of playing football leaves no one indifferent. By the way, tango in Argentina is also music. The country is simply huge: from very modest rooms to luxurious palaces. The establishments are represented by family-type hotels, standard hotels, tango hotels, designer hotels, country esterias, etc. There are about 500 hotels in the capital of Argentina alone. The cost of living is significantly cheaper than in Europe, but significantly higher when compared with other Latin American countries. For example, accommodation in a three-star hotel costs $40-120 per day per adult, and in a five-star hotel you will have to leave $200-400. For thrifty tourists in Argentina there are boarding houses and hostels where you can rent a bed for $10-30 per day. Camping is also very popular among tourists. In large cities you can rent an apartment of any format and even apartments. is a mixture of food traditions of indigenous Indians and many recipes of European settlers. Since cattle breeding in Argentina is the most important economic characteristic, they eat a lot of meat here and in all types. Fried pies with minced meat or other filling are very popular in Argentina. They are usually served with red wine. Each region has its own culinary characteristics, for example, in Patagonia, a traditional dish is spit-roasted lamb. The extensive coastline feeds the country with plenty of seafood. Be sure to try the crab or smoked eel. You will find echoes of Italian cuisine in any establishment: lasagne, pizza, pasta, etc. For dessert, you will definitely be offered tiramisu, croissants, ice cream or pancakes with condensed milk. The latter is held in high esteem by local residents. A classic favorite among drinks is mate, a special drink with a traditional recipe for preparation and drinking. There are plenty of catering establishments in Argentina: from chic restaurants to modest eateries, where in addition to national cuisine you will find dishes from European countries. Shopping What vacation to a distant land doesn't end with shopping? Different regions of Argentina will offer you completely different things. You'll find plenty of handcrafted trinkets to choose from, but the ultimate souvenir has always been and remains the yerba mate making kit. Leather products, especially buffalo leather, are in great demand: jackets, wallets, bags, shoes, etc. Fine silver trinkets can be purchased at a reasonable price. Alpaca wool products are highly valued in Patagonia. Penguin figurines, home decorations made of valuable wood and rhodocorosite stones will make excellent gifts. Safety It is not recommended to wear expensive jewelry, keep large sums of money, expensive accessories and phones in sight. Do not walk around in public with a tourist map, and it is better to study the route to the hotel in advance. Keep valuables in the room safe, and it is better to carry your passport as a copy. It is safer to order a taxi from a hotel or public establishment rather than catching it on the street. There are a lot of scammers in Buenos Aires, so try to prevent unfamiliar contacts. Refrain from traveling on public transport during peak hours; pickpocketing is everywhere. In restaurants, keep your purses with you, do not hang them on the back of your chair. Avoid walking alone at night; even one block in an unfamiliar city is better to take a taxi. Transport Sufficiently developed. There are rural, asphalt and express roads, some of which are toll roads. In recent years, multi-lane and high-speed highways have been actively developed, connecting several large cities. Most of these projects are still under construction. There are excellent bus services throughout the country. The railway is currently in decline. Most passenger transport has long been closed, and only in the suburbs of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, is it in great demand, mainly due to the convenience of transferring to the metro. The capital's metro has been operating since 1913. A huge amount of goods and passengers are transported along rivers and a network of water canals. The airspace is divided between the following companies: Aerolíneas Argentinas and LADE. , both in the capital and in other large cities and provinces. Customs and visa Since March 18, 2009, Russians do not require a visa to holiday in Argentina. If the purpose of the visit is not tourism or the stay is planned for more than 90 days, then you will have to apply. To enter the country you need a passport and a round trip ticket. Citizens of the Russian Federation and CIS countries can clarify all questions at the Argentine Embassy in Moscow. Customs requires you to declare all gold and gold products that you import or export, as well as amounts above $10,000. It is prohibited to import any food products (not canned food) into the country, as well as export objects of historical or artistic value without special permission. If you still don’t know where Argentina is located and what country it is, then start getting acquainted with South America from this state. You will receive not only an excellent experience, but also many vivid impressions. Argentina occupies the southeastern part of the South American mainland, the eastern part of the Tierra del Fuego island and the nearby Estados islands, etc. At the same time, the geological knowledge of the territory is generally low. But one of the main problems in the development of industries in Argentina is not so much the lack of certain types of raw materials (although there is a shortage of coking coals, bauxites, potassium salts, etc.), but rather their extremely unfavorable location (mainly in outlying, sparsely populated areas). For example, in Patagonia (30% of the country’s territory) there is a combination of sources of mineral raw materials and fuel, water and forest resources. This area already accounts for half of the mining industry's output. However, only 3% of the country's population lives in this area. The natural basis for economic development was, first of all, the rich land resources of Argentina. In the structure of the land fund, agricultural lands occupy about 70% (but pastures predominate). A significant part of the territory of Pampa has been plowed. The favorable combination of agroclimatic resources determined the country's specialization in grain farming and livestock farming on natural pastures. Among Argentina's water resources, rivers play the main role. The river network is better developed in the northeast, where two large rivers merge at the common mouth of La Plata. The Parana is the second (after the Amazon) river in South America in terms of length and basin area. The largest rivers in Argentina are fed by rain. The main economic hydropower potential belongs to the rivers of Patagonia, originating in the mountains, as well as the rivers of the Paraná and Uruguay basins. But only a small part of this potential is used. The vegetation of Argentina is very diverse: from tropical forests to semi-deserts in Patagonia and Puna. Subtropical forests with a diverse species composition grow in northern Mesopotamia. Here you can find araucaria, sedro, and lapacho, which have valuable wood. To the south, shrubby vegetation predominates; wetlands are covered with reeds, reeds, water lilies, and elevated and dry areas are covered with meadows with rich grass cover. There are sparse forests of acacias, mimosa, ostrich trees, and palm groves along the river banks. Towards the south there are more open grassy areas; the southern part of the province of Entre Rios is a grass prairie and represents a transitional area to the Pampa. Pampa translated from the Quechua Indian language means “deprived of woody vegetation.” The endless steppe spaces of the Wet Pampa were once covered with perennial grasses - feather grass, pearl barley, wild millet and variegated colorful forbs. However, there is little natural vegetation left here, a significant part of the territory is plowed, and the herbaceous cover that once covered it, which served as an excellent natural food supply for livestock, as a result of long-term grazing, was clogged with weeds and lost its original appearance. Dry Pampa is characterized by xerophilic vegetation - low-growing trees, thorny bushes, and tough grasses. Similar vegetation is common in the arid west, in the intermountain basins, where tufts of tough grasses and xerophilous shrubs alternate with cacti. Forests in Argentina cover 12% of the land fund. The most valuable are the coniferous forests of Mesopotamia and the humid Andes, as well as the Quebracho forests in the Chaco. Their exploitation is complicated by the fact that they are located in remote areas, so attempts are being made to artificially plant forests in the most populated area - Pampa. The forest resources of Chaco are the most developed, but here, as a result of long-term predatory exploitation, the issue of their serious protection and restoration is acute. The national flower of Argentina is es: Erythrina crista-galli or Erythrina. The stove maker, one of the national symbols of Argentina. The fauna of Argentina, although not as rich and diverse as in other Latin American countries, has many endemic species. These include the Pampas deer, Pampas cat, and Magellanic dog. Almost all of these animals live in the Andes and their foothills, as well as in the sparsely populated region of Patagonia. The relict spectacled bear is found in Pune. The puma is common in the open semi-desert areas of Patagonia and the savannas of Chaco. In the Andes, there are also vicuna, which has soft fur, and chinchilla (chinchilla) with delicate silver fur. However, both of them were almost completely destroyed. Lots of rodents and armadillos. In Chaco, Mesopotamia, and Patagonia, nutria and otters are widespread. Waterfowl live everywhere in the swamps and lakes, many of which stand out with their bright colors. On the banks of reservoirs you can see flamingos and herons. Hummingbirds are found in the forests, among which there are endemic species, for example, the so-called fluttering emerald in the Patagonian Andes. The stove maker, which lives in Argentina, became one of the country's national symbols in 1928. The location of industry is characterized by high territorial concentration: a significant part of heavy industrial enterprises is concentrated in the lower reaches of the Paraná, in the industrial belt between Buenos Aires and Rosario; More than half of industrial output is produced in Greater Buenos Aires. The country ranks fourth in oil production (after Venezuela, Ecuador and Brazil) in Latin America. Production fully meets the country's needs, and the state does not export oil. Argentina is one of the top ten countries in terms of uranium reserves. The country is known for its scientific developments in the field of nuclear energy and the uranium industry. The country's ferrous metallurgy is the oldest on the continent, but it is developing rather slowly, with a large capacity load due to a lack of raw materials. Most raw materials have to be imported. Among the branches of non-ferrous metallurgy, the following are developed: production of lead, zinc, copper, aluminum based on our own and imported raw materials. Mechanical engineering occupies a leading position in terms of product value in heavy industry. The most developed are transport engineering (Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Peugeot, etc. have their own factories in Argentina), agricultural engineering, production of equipment for the food industry, and electrical engineering (IBM, Siemens factories). In transport engineering, the leading industry is the automotive industry (Buenos Aires, Cordoba), shipbuilding and ship repair (Buenos Aires, Ensenada), aircraft manufacturing and helicopter production (Cordova) are developed. Among the export industries, meat-packing occupies a special place - a traditional and country-specific industry. Argentina is one of the most significant producers and exporters of meat, mainly beef. Among other sectors of the food industry, the production of vegetable oils, and in recent years - soybean oils, as well as flour milling, oil processing and winemaking, are of export importance. The fruit and vegetable, canning, sugar and beverage industries are oriented towards the domestic market. A distinctive feature of Argentina's agriculture compared to other Latin American countries is the fact that it is not only fully self-sufficient in food, but also exports it (while only 2% of workers are employed in agriculture). In terms of food consumption per capita, the country surpasses other countries in the region (1st place). Agricultural and livestock products account for over 50% of export earnings. Argentina ranks sixth in the world in terms of cattle population, fifth in meat production per capita, and first in meat consumption. Meat is the national food of Argentines. In crop production, the main place is traditionally occupied by grains and oilseeds of export value. Argentina is one of the leading countries in the world in wheat harvesting. In addition, Argentina is the most important exporter of eggs, milk and barley. Exports - $70.0 billion in 2008 - soybeans, oil and gas, cars, corn, wheat, meat. The main buyers are Brazil 18.9%, China 9.1%, USA 7.9%, Chile 6.7%, Netherlands 4.2%. Imports - $54.6 billion in 2008 - industrial products, organic chemicals, plastics. The main suppliers are Brazil 31.3%, China 12.4%, USA 12.2%, Germany 4.4%. Argentina's transport infrastructure is relatively developed. The length of roads is 230,000 km (not counting private rural roads), of which 72,000 km are paved and 1,575 km are expressways, many of which are privatized toll roads. In recent years, the length of multi-lane expressways has doubled. Now they connect several large cities. More such roads are under construction. However, they are still not enough to organize the normal movement of 9.5 million cars registered in the country as of 2009 (240 per 1000 people). Argentina has approximately 11,000 km of inland waterways, which carry more freight than railways. This includes an extensive network of canals, although Argentina also has a sufficient number of natural waterways, the most significant of which are the Rio de la Plata, Paraná, Uruguay, Rio Negro and Paraguay rivers. Aerolineas Argentinas is the main airline of the country, providing both domestic and international flights. Austral Lineas Aereas is a subsidiary of Aerolineas Argentinas with a route network covering almost the entire territory of the country. LADE- The airline, operated by the air force, serves a wide network of domestic routes. As of 2001, the country's population was 36,260,130 people, as of July 2010 - 40,412,000 people. Nowadays, according to this indicator, Argentina is 3rd in South America and 33rd in the world. The average population density was 13.3 people per square kilometer. Population growth in 2010 was 0.87%, the birth rate was 18.7/1000 people, and the mortality rate was 7.9/1000 people. The population under the age of 15 is 24.9%, over 65 years old - 10.6% of the total population. Urbanization in Argentina is the highest in Latin America after Uruguay. The small Indian population was almost completely exterminated during the process of Spanish colonization in the 16th century, and subsequent seizures of the lands of Pampa and Patagonia until the end of the 19th century. The Argentine nation was formed in the 19th and 20th centuries by numerous European immigrants. More than 85% of Argentines belong to the white race. The Indian population (Mapuche, Colla, Toba and others) makes up 1.5% of the population, the rest are mainly mestizos, as well as mulattoes and Asians. The national composition of immigrants was very diverse: immigrants from Spain (mainly Basques and Galicians) and Italy predominated (descendants of the latter now make up about 1/3 of the country's population), many French, Germans, British (mostly Irish), Poles, Czechs, Croats , Ukrainians, Jews, Swiss, Danes, Dutch, Arabs (from 1.3 to 3 million people), Lithuanians, Greeks, Armenians. Since the end of the 20th century, immigration from Europe has practically ceased (with the exception of Romania and Ukraine). Most immigrants come to the country from South America: Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile. According to the 2010 census, 1,806 thousand people born in other countries lived in Argentina (4.5% of the country’s population), incl. 81.5% are from South American countries and only 16.5% from European countries. Argentina is home to a significant number of descendants of people from pre-revolutionary Russia, mainly Ukrainians, Germans from the Volga region, Belarusians, Russians, Jews, and Lithuanians. There is no organized Russian community as such in Argentina, despite a significant number (according to various estimates - from 100 to 250 thousand people, mainly in Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata, Cordoba, in the province of Misiones). These are the descendants of several waves of emigration from Russia and the USSR, including peasants from the western provinces, White Guards, displaced persons, and Old Believers. Over the past 20 years, several thousand Russians, mostly qualified specialists, have moved to Argentina. However, immigration from Russia to Argentina is not massive. Thus, from 2004 to 2010, only 873 people received permanent residence status. From Russia. Argentina has absorbed the traditions of many countries and peoples, which has left its mark on its culture, life and morals of the Argentines. Government policies promoted the rapid assimilation of immigrants. Unlike the United States and Canada, Argentina does not have areas densely populated by individual nationalities, and the census does not include a “country of origin” column. According to the law existing in the country, everyone born on its territory is considered an Argentinean. Today in Argentina, population dynamics are determined by natural growth: its rate - 0.91% in the mid-1990s - is the lowest in Latin America and tends to decline (the country is experiencing a protracted demographic crisis). This is also reflected in the dynamics of the age structure of the population, which is changing towards a decrease in the proportion of young people (under 15 years old) and an increase in older ones (over 65 years old). In terms of socio-economic indicators of life, Argentina is ahead of many Latin American countries (in terms of living standards it is slightly inferior to Chile). The average life expectancy in the country is 77 years (73.5 for men, 80 for women). The proportion of HIV-infected people among the adult (15 to 49 years old) population is 0.5%. Today, more than 87% of the total population lives in the country's cities, and more than 2/5 of the urban population is in Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, with about 12 million inhabitants, is one of the 10 largest metropolitan areas in the world. Other large cities are Cordoba (1.4 million inhabitants), Rosario (1.2 million), Mendoza (approx. 0.9 million), Tucuman (0.8 million). Religion: Christianity 92% (Catholics - 77%, Protestants 9%). Jews - about 300 thousand, Muslims - about 500 thousand people.
Traveler, tourist, businessman or potential immigrant, everyone will be affected by the Spanish language in Argentina if that's where they're going. Only it won’t be entirely Spanish, or more precisely, not Spanish at all, but we’ll talk about that in more detail.Official language
Dialects of the language
Russian in Argentina
The main recommendation for all beginners: do not be afraid to speak Spanish in Argentina, let them correct you, let them laugh at you, this way you will learn faster. It takes a lot of work and a lot of communication. The Spanish dialect will be different for every Argentinean you meet: for those from the province of Misiones, for example, it will be somewhat similar to Paraguayan, for those from the west it will be similar to Chilean, those from the northeast will be similar to Brazilian, who come from provinces bordering Bolivia have their own accent in their speech. The main thing is to be prepared for this and not be afraid of difficulties.Flora
Fauna
Economy
International trade
Transport
Population
Cities
20 largest cities in Argentina (2007, according to INDEC estimates) | |||||||||||
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Place | Name | Provinces | Population | Place | Name | Provinces | Population |
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1 | (autonomous city) | 3 050 728 | 11 | Resistance | CHA | 377 564 | |||||
2 | C.B.A. | 1 346 092 | 12 | Santiago del Estero | SGO | 327 974 | |||||
3 | Rosario | SFE | 1 249 594 | 13 | Corrientes | CTS | 328 689 | ||||
4 | Mendoza | MZA | 885 434 | 14 | Neuquen | RNO/NQN | 327 534 | ||||
5 | San Miguel de Tucuman | TMN | 789 504 | 15 | Bahia Blanca | BUE | 310 657 | ||||
6 | La Plata | BUE | 732 503 | 16 | Posadas | MNS | 279 961 | ||||
7 | Mar del Plata | BUE | 604 563 | 17 | Parana | ERS | 270 968 | ||||
8 | Santa Fe | SFE | 493 547 | 18 | San Salvador de Jujuy | JUJ | 231 229 | ||||
9 | Salta | S.T.A. | 464 678 | 19 | San Luis | SLS | 162 011 | ||||
10 | San Juan | SJN | 453 229 | 20 | Rio Cuarto | C.B.A. | 149 303 |
Political structure
According to the Constitution of 1853, the country has a separation of powers into executive, legislative and judicial powers at both the national and local levels. Argentina is a federal republic divided into 23 provinces and 1 federal capital district.
The dictatorial regime of Rosas was overthrown in 1852 by a group led by General Justo Urquiz, who had previously served as governor of Entre Rios. The victory was achieved thanks to the help the general received from Uruguay and Brazil. In 1853, the Argentine Constitution was adopted, and Urquiza became the first president of the Republic of Argentina. The province of Buenos Aires did not join the constitution and declared independence in 1854. Mutual hostility between the two states led to war in 1859. The Argentine Republic was quickly victorious, and the province of Buenos Aires acceded to the Constitution in October of that year. But it soon became the center of a new rebellion against the federal government, which broke out in 1861. Under the command of General Bartolome Miter, the rebels defeated the national army in September of the same year. On November 5, the President of the Republic announced his resignation. In May of the following year, Mitre was elected president by Congress, and Buenos Aires became the capital of Argentina.
The next decade was marked by the conquest of Las Pampas, now known as the Province of Rio Negro, during which the threat from the natives was eliminated. This so-called War of the Desert (-) under the leadership of General Julio Roca opened the way to vast territories favorable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. In 1880, Roca, an opponent of the rise of Buenos Aires, was elected president. In the years following his victory, Buenos Aires was separated from the province and established as the capital of Argentina and the federal district. In the 50 years following 1880, Argentina achieved significant economic and social success. At the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina became one of the richest countries in the world. Argentina's popularity has increased with the arrival of millions of Europeans to the country.
The social situation in Argentina remained stable until 1930, when a military coup broke out. In 1946, Perón was elected president of Argentina. Peron and his wife Eva (Evita), who led the implementation of social programs, were very popular among the masses. A little-known colonel with a minor post in the Ministry of Labor, Peron became president twice: in 1946 and in 1952. Together with his popular and strong-willed wife Eva, he carried out tough economic reform. The program placed greater emphasis on Argentine industrialization and self-determination, and was favored by conservative nationalist and labor factions. Perón's attempts to secularize the state led to conflict with the Catholic Church. The Perón regime was overthrown in 1955.
As a result of a succession of military governments, Perón returned to power in 1973, but died in 1974, leaving behind his second wife, Isabel, who had no political experience. During her reign, Marxist revolutionaries Montoneros unleashed terrorism, which served as justification for the military coup that took place in 1976. The army then launched its own “dirty war” against anyone the military considered “subversive elements”: thousands of Argentines were killed and reported missing. In 1981, instead of General Videla, who removed Isabel Peron from power, General Roberto Viola took over the presidency. Less than a year later, Viola was replaced by General Leopoldo Galtieri.
In Russia, it is often customary to compare the 1998 default and the Argentine default of 2001. The possibility of ruble devaluation, pressure on banks and lower dependence on external borrowings allowed Russia to survive the default much easier than Argentina.
Argentina has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established with Russia on October 22, 1885), which were suspended after October and resumed with the USSR in .
In 2010, same-sex marriage was legalized in the country.
Etymology of the name
Name is derived from the Latin word argentum (argentum, "silver"), which in turn comes from the Greek ἀργήντος (Argentos), earlier ἀργήεις (arzhiz), which meant “white”, “shining”. Αργεντινός (argentinos) - Greek adjective meaning "silver". First use of the name may be attributed to the 1602 poem "Argentina and the Conquest of the Rio de la Plata" (Spanish. La Argentina y conquista del Río de la Plata ) Martina del Barco Centenera. Although this name for the region was already in widespread use by the 18th century, in 1776 the country was officially named Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. An independent government formed after the May Revolution of 1810 replaced the designation viceroyalty on united provinces.
Name became famous after its use in Argentina's first anthem of 1812, which made many references to the ongoing Argentine War of Independence. For the first time officially the name Argentine Republic was enshrined in the 1853 constitution. After the return of the province of Buenos Aires to the confederation in 1859, the name of the country was changed to Argentine Nation. Name Argentine Republic was returned after the passage of the law of October 8, 1860.
Armed forces
Culture
Holidays
Education
Argentina's literacy rate is 7%. Three out of every eight adults over 20 have a high school education or higher.
School attendance is compulsory for all children from 5 to 17 years of age. The Argentine school system consists of primary education lasting 6 or 7 years and secondary education lasting 5 to 6 years.
Education in Argentina is free at all levels, with the exception of the main part of postgraduate education. Although the literacy rate had been close to absolute since 1947, in the first half of the 20th century the majority of Argentine youth did not have access to education beyond the compulsory seven years of primary schooling. With the introduction of free education at secondary and university levels (in the 1970s), demand for it often began to exceed budgetary capacity. Accordingly, public educational institutions often lack funds and reduce the quality of education. This has had a beneficial effect on the rise of private education, although it has resulted in inequality between those who can afford it and the rest of society, since private schools often do not have scholarship programs. Approximately one in four schoolchildren and one in six students attend private education.
About 11.4 million people were involved in formal education in 2006, including 1.5 million students at the country's 85 universities. 38 universities are public. The most important universities are: University of Buenos Aires, National University of Cordoba, National University of La Plata, National University of Rosario, National Technological University. Public universities faced significant funding cuts in the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in a decline in the quality of education.
Healthcare
Health care is provided through a combination of employer- and union-funded plans (Obras Sociales), public insurance, public hospitals and clinics, and voluntary health insurance.
The first government effort to improve public health can be considered the introduction of the Medical Tribunal to supervise medical practitioners in 1780 by the Spanish Viceroy Juan José de Vertis. After independence, medical schools were founded at the University of Buenos Aires (1822) and the National University of Cordoba (1877). The training of doctors and nurses in these and other schools made possible the rapid development of medical cooperatives, which during the presidency of Juan Perón grew into the state-subsidized organizations Obras Sociales. Today their number exceeds 300 (of which 200 belong to trade unions), they provide medical care to more than half of the country's population. The government's INSSJP (or PAMI) covers virtually all 5 million pensioners.
Health care costs reach almost 10% of the country's GDP and are rising in line with the rising proportion of Argentines over 65 (7% in 1970). Public and private expenditures have historically been divided approximately equally: public funds are mainly distributed through Obras Sociales and cover hospitalization in private and public clinics; private funds are divided equally between voluntary health insurance costs and overhead costs.
The country has more than 150,000 hospital beds, 121,000 doctors and 37,000 dentists (per capita figures comparable to developed countries). Relatively free access to medical care is historically expressed in the structure and trends of mortality rates comparable to developed countries: from 1953 to 2005, the share of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased from 20% to 23%, tumors - from 14% to 20%, respiratory diseases systems - from 7% to 14%, diseases of the digestive system (non-infectious) - from 7% to 11%, strokes - remained at 7%, injuries - 6%, infectious diseases - 4%. The rest is mainly attributed to dementia. The proportion of infant deaths fell from 19% in 1953 to 3% in 2005.
Infant mortality decreased from 70 per 1000 births in 1948 to 12.5 in 2008. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 60 to 76 years. Although these indicators compare favorably with the global average, they are still somewhat below the level of developed countries. In 2006, Argentina was ranked 4th in Latin America.
Science and technology
Argentina has produced many renowned doctors, scientists and inventors, including three Nobel Prize winners. Argentines are responsible for some medical breakthroughs. Their research has led to significant advances in the treatment of wounds, heart disease, and some forms of cancer. Domingo Liotta developed the first artificial heart, successfully implanted in a human in 1969. René Favaloro developed the technique and performed the world's first coronary artery bypass grafting. Francisco de Pedro invented a more reliable artificial heart stimulator.
Radio and television
Argentina is a pioneer in radio broadcasting. At 21:00 on August 27, 1920, the radio station Sociedad Radio Argentina announced: "We are now bringing into your homes a live broadcast of Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal from the Coliseo Theater in". Only about 20 houses in the city had listening receivers. The world's first radio station remained the only one in the country until 1922, when it began broadcasting Radio Culture. By 1925, there were already 12 radio stations in and 10 in other cities. The 1930s saw the golden age of radio in Argentina, with broadcasts of variety shows, news, soap operas and sporting events.
Currently, there are 260 AM and 1150 FM radio stations operating in Argentina. Music and youth programs dominate the FM format. News, debates and sports form the basis of AM broadcasting. Amateur radio communications are widespread in the country.
Argentina's television industry is vast and diverse. The channels are widely broadcast in Latin America and received worldwide. Many local programs are broadcast on television in other countries. Foreign producers also buy the rights to adapt programs to their markets. There are five national television channels in Argentina. All provincial capitals and major cities have at least one local station. The availability of cable and satellite television channels in Argentina is similar to North America. Many cable networks serve the entire Spanish-speaking world from Argentina: Utilísima Satelital, TyC Sports, Fox Sports in Spain(shared with the USA and Mexico), MTV Argentina, Cosmopolitan TV, as well as news network Todo Noticias.
see also
Notes
Literature
- Hugo Novotny. Poverty and new social phenomena in Argentina
Links
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- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional ones). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- Forum dedicated to Argentina "Argentina in Russian"
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Symbols |
The country's name comes from the Spanish argento, meaning "silver".
Capital of Argentina. Buenos Aires.
Argentina area. 2766890 km2.
Population of Argentina. 43.42 million people (
Argentina GDP. $540.2 mlr. (
Location of Argentina. Argentina is a country in. In the west it borders with Chile, in the north - with Paraguay and, in the east - with Uruguay. In the southeast it is washed by waters.
Administrative divisions of Argentina. The state is divided into 22 provinces, a federal (capital) district and a national territory.
Argentina form of government. Republic.
Head of State of Argentina. President, elected for 6 years.
Supreme legislative body of Argentina. Bicameral Parliament - National Congress (Senate and Chamber of Deputies).
Supreme executive body of Argentina. Cabinet of Ministers.
Major cities in Argentina. Cordoba, Rosario, Mar del Plata, Salta, Mendoza.
Official language of Argentina. Spanish.
Religion of Argentina. The vast majority of the population are followers of the Roman Church - 92%.
Ethnic composition of Argentina. 85% - (mainly and their descendants) 15% - mestizos.
Argentina climate. The climate in Argentina is varied, which is due to the length of the state from north to south for 3,700 km. Traditionally, 6 climatic zones are distinguished: Cuyo and the north-west, Mesopotamia and the north-east region, Chaco, Pampas, Patagonia and the lake region, Tierra del Fuego islands. In Mesopotamia (the so-called territory between the rivers and) there is a climate characterized by very hot summers. In Patagonia (the area south of the Rio Colorado) it is also arid. Tierra del Fuego is characterized by a mild marine. In winter, southern ones (Pampiers) cause frosts even in the north of the state. In Patagonia, frosts reach -33 °C. decrease from east to west from 1400-1600 to 100-300 mm per year, on the eastern slopes of the Andes 2000-5000 mm fall.
Flora of Argentina. The territory of Argentina is covered by humid, subtropical forests (palm trees, rosewood, tannin). Eucalyptus, sycamore, and acacia trees were introduced. At the foot of the Andes, spruce, pine, cedar, and cypress are common.
Fauna of Argentina. Representatives of the fauna of Argentina - monkeys, jaguar, puma, ocelot, llama, armadillo, anteater, tapir, fox. Among the birds inhabited are the ostrich rhea, flamingos, parrots, hummingbirds, hawks, falcons, and partridges.
Sights of Argentina. In Buenos Aires there is the Congress building, the National Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Modern Art, the Cinema Museum, the National Historical Museum, colonial architecture, and many beautiful parks. The symbols of Argentina are gauchos (cowboys), tango, and the drink mate.
Useful information for tourists
It is customary to give tips, which amount to 5-10% of the bill for service; in expensive establishments they are often already included in the bill.